Overview

This book provides an overview of biological wastewater treatment and sludge recovery. It presents the main concepts related to treatment processes, as well as the principles of operation, sizing, and implementation of unit operations and processes associated with wastewater and sludge treatment. Wastewater Engineering and Treatment 3 analyzes biological nitrogen removal processes (ammonia, nitrites and nitrates), biological and physicochemical phosphorus removal processes, and wastewater clarification. Didactic and combining theory with practice, this book is intended for engineers in engineering and environmental sciences, as well as professionals in wastewater treatment.

Full Product Details

Author:   Kader Gaid (University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria)
Publisher:   ISTE Ltd
Imprint:   ISTE Ltd
ISBN:  

9781836690573

ISBN 10:   1836690576
Pages:   288
Publication Date:   07 July 2026
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Forthcoming
Availability:   Awaiting stock  

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Biological Removal of Nitrogen 1 1.1. Nitrogen sources 2 1.2. Biochemical mechanisms of nitrogen utilization 4 1.2.1. Ammonification 4 1.2.2. Nitrification 6 1.2.3. Denitrification 9 1.3. Factors influencing nitrification 16 1.3.1. Temperature 17 1.3.2. Growth rate 18 1.3.3. Oxygen 19 1.3.4. pH and alkalinity 19 1.3.5. Nutrients 20 1.3.6. Dissolved oxygen and nitrogen substrate 20 1.4. Nitrification in an activated sludge system 22 1.4.1. Influence of mass loading 22 1.4.2. Influence of TSS/MVS concentration in the tank 23 1.4.3. Influence of loading rate 23 1.4.4. Influence of sludge age 24 1.4.5. Nitrification rate 24 1.4.6. O2 requirement 25 1.4.7. Dynamic model of nitrification 27 1.5. Denitrification in activated sludge and denitrification rate 30 1.5.1. Specific anoxic zone for denitrification 34 1.5.2. Estimation of excess sludge production 35 1.5.3. Carbon addition 36 1.6. Nitrification and denitrification processes in activated sludge 37 1.6.1. Pre-denitrification 37 1.6.2. Post-denitrification 37 1.7. Autotrophic denitrification of activated sludge 40 1.7.1. Autotrophic denitrification mechanism with sulfur 41 1.7.2. Autotrophic denitrification in free culture (activated sludge) 43 1.7.3. Autotrophic denitrification in a biofilter 46 1.8. Nitrogen treatment by anammox bacteria 52 1.8.1. Anammox characteristics 54 1.8.2. Microbiological characteristics 54 1.8.3. Biochemistry of anaerobic oxidation of ammonium 55 1.8.4. Factors influencing the growth of anammox bacteria 57 1.8.5. Salinity 57 1.8.6. Presence of organic matter and/or nutrients 57 1.8.7. Candidatus Brocadia and Kuenenia 58 1.8.8. Oxygen 60 1.8.9. Temperature 60 1.8.10. Substrate concentrations 60 1.8.11. Nitrite 60 1.8.12. Ammonium ion (NH4+) 61 1.8.13. Inhibition mechanisms and pH 62 1.8.14. Implementation using anammox bacteria 62 1.8.15. Nitrogen removal processes using anammox 67 1.8.16. Applications 76 1.9. MABR: a new opportunity 79 1.10. Conclusion 80 1.11. References 81 Chapter 2. Phosphorus Removal 93 2.1. The phosphorus cycle 93 2.2. Eutrophication 95 2.3. Oxidized mineral forms of phosphorus in wastewater 96 2.4. Phosphorus removal processes 100 2.4.1. Overview 100 2.4.2. Biological phosphorus removal 101 2.5. Treatment processes incorporating biological dephosphatation 116 2.5.1. Activated sludge 117 2.5.2. Biofilters: introduction of reagents into the primary settling tank 125 2.5.3. Other biological phosphorus removal technologies 125 2.6. Selectors 130 2.6.1. Aerobic selector 131 2.6.2. Anoxic selector 131 2.6.3. Anaerobic selector 132Contents vii 2.7. Physicochemical treatment 133 2.7.1. Fundamental principles of phosphorus precipitation 135 2.8. Implementation of chemical reagents 152 2.8.1. Injection points 152 2.8.2. Injection control 152 2.9. Other technical solutions for phosphorus removal 156 2.9.1. Active media for phosphorus removal 156 2.9.2. Artificial wetlands 159 2.9.3. Ion exchange 159 2.10. Overall phosphorus removal performance 160 2.11. References 161 Chapter 3. Clarification. 171 3.1. Introduction 171 3.1.1. Principle 171 3.1.2. Types of clarifiers 172 3.2. Settling rate of particles in a liquid 173 3.2.1. Diluted suspensions 173 3.2.2. Flocculated particles 176 3.2.3. Concentrated suspensions 177 3.2.4. Sedimentation curves 178 3.3. Settling theory 180 3.3.1. Fundamental law: Kynch theory. 180 3.4. Mathematical interpretation of the different types of settling 187 3.4.1. Free or coalescent settling (zone B, Figure 3.2) 187 3.4.2. Hindered settling (zone C, Figure 3.2) 193 3.4.3. Compaction zone 197 3.5. Sizing of clarifiers 197 3.5.1. Different sizing approaches 201 3.5.2. Coalescing settling (zone B, Figure 3.13) 203 3.5.3. Hindered settling zone and sludge blanket clarifiers (zone C, Figure 3.13) 207 3.5.4. Sludge compaction zone (zone D, Figure 3.13) 208 3.5.5. Relationship between settling rate and height of equipment 211 3.6. Characteristics of classic clarifiers 215 3.6.1. Horizontal clarifiers 216 3.6.2. Cylindrical clarifiers 221 3.6.3. Other technologies 225 3.6.4. General design of conventional clarifiers 225 3.7. Inclined pipe clarifiers 232 3.7.1. Theory and principle 233 3.7.2. Sizing principles for lamellar clarifiers 236 3.8. Clarifier malfunctions 243 3.9. Technologies 245 3.9.1. Clariflo clarifier (Veolia) 245 3.9.2. Rim-Flo clarifier 247 3.9.3. TowBro scraper 249 3.9.4. Lamellar settling tank: Multiflo (Veolia) 250 3.10. References 255 Index 259

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Author Information

Kader Gaid is a professor at the University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria, and has been an expert at Veolia for over 25 years.

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