Overview

How can the Qur'anic rules of inheritance be expressed as a mathematical system-and what can mathematics actually establish about consistency, distribution, and justice? The Divine Equation of Inheritance explores the mathematical structure of the Islamic inheritance system, connecting Qur'anic legislation, classical jurisprudence, and precise quantitative reasoning. Beginning with the principal inheritance passages in Qur'an 4:11, 4:12, and 4:176, the book develops fourteen families of equations and tests the framework through twenty-one worked estate cases. Readers will explore: Fixed shares and residuary distribution: how prescribed portions and remaining shares are allocated. ʿAwl and radd: how the framework handles estates where prescribed shares exceed or fall short of the available amount. Eligibility and exclusion: how the identity and status of heirs affect the calculation. Debts and bequests: how prior obligations fit into the distribution process. Mathematical verification: how each worked case is checked for completeness and consistency. A central feature of this study is its distinction between what the Qur'anic text states, what juristic interpretation supplies, and what mathematical reasoning can independently demonstrate. It also identifies the framework's assumptions, records selected differences among classical legal positions, and acknowledges configurations that fall outside its formal model. Written for readers interested in farāʾiḍ, Islamic legal studies, mathematical modelling, and the intellectual relationship between revelation and reason, this book offers a structured approach to understanding a complex system. This is an academic study, not a fatwa. Its calculations do not replace qualified legal guidance or the applicable law governing an actual estate.

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