Overview

The prerequisites for the creation of the cell theory were the invention and improvement of the microscope and the discovery of cells (1665, R. Hooke - when studying a cut of the bark of a cork tree, elderberry, etc.). The works of famous microscopists: M. Malpighi, N. Gru, A. van Leeuwenhoek - made it possible to see the cells of plant organisms. A. van Leeuwenhoek discovered unicellular organisms in water. The cell nucleus was studied first. R. Brown described the nucleus of a plant cell. Ya. E. Purkine introduced the concept of protoplasm - liquid gelatinous cellular contents. The German botanist M. Schleiden was the first to come to the conclusion that every cell has a nucleus. The founder of CT is the German biologist T. Schwann (together with M. Schleiden), who in 1839 published the work Microscopic studies on the correspondence in the structure and growth of animals and plants . Its provisions: 1) a cell is the main structural unit of all living organisms (both animals and plants); 2) if in any formation visible under a microscope, there is nucleus, then it can be considered a cell; 3) the process of formation of new cells determines the growth, development, differentiation of plant and animal cells. Additions to the cellular theory were made by the German scientist R. Virchow, who in 1858 published his work Cellular Pathology . He proved that daughter cells are formed by division of mother cells: each cell from a cell. At the end of the XIX century. mitochondria, the Golgi complex, and plastids were found in plant cells. Chromosomes were detected after dividing cells were stained with special dyes. Modern provisions of CT 1. The cell is the basic unit of the structure and development of all living things cells form tissues; tissues consist of organs that form organ systems, they are closely interconnected and subject to nervous and humoral mechanisms of regulation (in higher organisms). Significance of the cellular theory It is clear from Othalo that the cell is the most important component of living organisms, their main morphophysiological component. The cell is the basis of a multicellular organism, the site of biochemical and physiological processes in the body. At the cellular level, all biological processes ultimately occur. cell theory allowed to draw a conclusion about the similarity of the chemical composition of all cells, the general plan of their structure, which confirms the phylogenetic unity of the entire living world.

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