Overview

"Electromagnetic (EM) radiation comprises the waves of electromagnetic fields generated due to acceleration of charged particles. The electromagnetic waves are sinusoidal time varying electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other, and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation. The distribution of EM radiation, according to their frequency and wavelength is called the electromagnetic spectrum. The entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation can be divided into two categories: ionizing and non-ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation: The ionizing radiation is EM radiation possessing enough energy, so that during the interaction with matter, it can knock out the electrons from the atoms and cause ionization. Examples: Gamma rays, X-rays, and the higher ultraviolet radiation. Non-ionizing radiation: The energy possessed by non-ionizing radiation is very small. It is insufficient to produce charged ions during their interaction with matter. Their energy is sufficient only to change the rotational, vibrational or electronic valence configurations of molecules and atoms. The non-ionization radiation includes Lower ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. ""Microwave radiation"" are electromagnetic radiation covering the EM spectrum from 300 MHz and 300 GHz. The microwaves are used extensively in TV broadcasting, drying industry, RADAR, wireless communications, satellite navigation, telemetry, medicine, microwave cooking, food industry, radio astronomy, satellite communication, space research etc. (Cleveland 1994, Ryan et al. 2000)."

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