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"""Form and Function"" by E. S. Russell is a seminal work in the field of biology that explores the fundamental relationship between the structure (form) and the purpose (function) of organisms. This significant literature has had a long-lasting impact on morphology and physiological research. Russell's research digs on the complex interplay of an organism's morphological traits and biological functions. He emphasizes the significance of understanding how the structure of an organism evolved to fulfill particular functions in its surroundings. Russell's method is broad, encompassing many parts of biology such as anatomy, biomechanics, and adaptability. One of the key themes of ""Form and Function"" is the concept of adaptation, which outlines the ways organisms have developed over time to maximize their forms for survival and reproduction in different environments. Russell uses numerous examples from the animal and plant kingdoms to demonstrate how various structures and functions have coevolved in response to selective pressures. By emphasizing the need of evaluating both form and function whereas studying organisms, E. S. Russell's work has left an indelible mark. It is a foundational classic for biologists and continues to stimulate study in ecology, evolution, and physiology."

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Edward Stuart Russell OBE FLS (March 25, 1887 - August 24, 1954) was a Scottish biologist and biologist philosopher. Russell was born in the vicinity of Glasgow. He attended Greenock Academy and then Glasgow University, where he studied under Sir Graham Kerr and worked with J. Arthur Thompson following graduation. He was motivated by his buddy Patrick Geddes and explored holistic concepts in his zoological research. He was also a firm believer in Lamarckian heredity. He worked aboard research vessels and published on the biology of cephalopods as well as quantitative approaches for acquiring fishing data. He also served as a Scottish Fisheries specialist, an Inspector of Fisheries, and a government advisor. He founded the Journal du Conceil (now the ICES Journal of Marine Science). For almost fifteen years, he was an honorary lecturer in animal behavior at University College London. In 1934, he was elected President of the British Association's Zoology Section. He was President of the Linnean Society from 1940 to 1942. He died of heart failure at the age of 67 in Hastings, East Sussex. Russell advocated for holism and organicism. He was a critic of the modern synthesis, presenting his own evolutionary theory that combined developmental biology and heredity while criticizing Mendelian inheritance. Karl Ernst von Baer and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe influenced him.

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