Overview

Interactions between environmental and genetic factors result in an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In this regard, clinical and observational studies have shown a relationship between quantitative and qualitative characteristics of diet and the occurrence of these diseases, since certain dietary components may be involved in lipoprotein metabolism. On the other hand, the action of nutrients with antioxidant function is important in vascular protection, such as the mineral zinc. The enzyme superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is one of the enzymes that require zinc as a cofactor and acts against the intracellular production of free radicals. However, a polymorphism may occur in the gene that encodes SOD3, such as the Arg213Gly polymorphism, which results in a reduction in the antioxidant activity of this enzyme in the vascular wall, decreasing its protection in the vessel against free radicals. Therefore, both changes in zinc concentrations and the existence of the Arg213Gly polymorphism in the SOD3 enzyme gene may be associated with a reduction in its antioxidant activity and, consequently, with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

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