When Formalization Fails: The Credibility of Informality in China’s Resettlement Communities

Author:   Zhu Qian (University of Waterloo) ,  Chen Yang (Northwestern Polytechnical University)
Publisher:   Cambridge University Press
ISBN:  

9781009585668


Pages:   75
Publication Date:   30 June 2026
Format:   Hardback
Availability:   Not yet available   Availability explained
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When Formalization Fails: The Credibility of Informality in China’s Resettlement Communities


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Author:   Zhu Qian (University of Waterloo) ,  Chen Yang (Northwestern Polytechnical University)
Publisher:   Cambridge University Press
Imprint:   Cambridge University Press
ISBN:  

9781009585668


ISBN 10:   1009585665
Pages:   75
Publication Date:   30 June 2026
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Forthcoming
Availability:   Not yet available   Availability explained
This item is yet to be released. You can pre-order this item and we will dispatch it to you upon its release.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction; 2. Persisting informality and its credibility; 3. Methodology; 4. Administrative reclassification resettlement; 5. Poverty-alleviation resettlement; 6. Conclusion: persisting informality after state intervention; References.

Reviews

'Informality seems a way of life in China's urban resettlement as the authors have unveiled it with their extensive fieldwork. Informal built environments are often associated with informal employment, even though governments strive to provide a formal framework. The book should be an interesting read as findings are insightful.' Professor Jieming Zhu, FAcSS, Tongji University, China 'When Formalization Fails makes a timely contribution to institutional economics and urban development by explaining why policy form diverges from function in state-led resettlement. Centering the Credibility Thesis, the book argues that informality is not a failure but a practical mechanism that sustains credible expectations when formal arrangements fall short. Drawing on comparative case studies from China, the authors show how informality acts as an adaptive response to the limits of top-down urbanization. By introducing the Formal–Actual–Targeted (FAT) framework and the Credibility Scales and Intervention (CSI) checklist, the work bridges conceptual rigor with an actionable diagnostic toolkit. This book will be of strong interest to scholars and students of institutional economics, development studies, and urban governance, as well as policymakers grappling with the challenges of displacement, urbanization, and inclusive development in a world of rapid social, cultural, and economic transformations.' Professor Tony Fang, Stephen Jarislowsky Chair in Cultural and Economic Transformation, Memorial University of Newfoundland; Adjunct Professor in Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management, University of Toronto; Adjunct Professor in Sociology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada, Research Fellow, IZA 'Displacement and resettlement is a critical issue for global development studies. From the Three Gorges Dam resettlement to recent poverty alleviation migration, China's endeavors represent not only national development strategies but also significant contributions to human development. This book makes a timely and important contribution. It critically examines the interplay between national resettlement policies and local adaptation implementation. The findings invite global audiences to reflect on China's practices and their implications for other developing countries. It is a must-read for international scholars and practitioners in the field of resettlement studies.' Professor Guoqing Shi, Found Director of NRCR, Hohai University, Nanjing, China 'When Formalization Fails offers a timely and compelling intervention into the long-standing puzzle of why state-led resettlement – so often imagined as a pathway to order – routinely produces new terrains of informality. Beyond a deficit view, the authors show, through rich comparative field evidence across China's coast and hinterland, how post-resettlement informality becomes a functional repertoire for everyday governance and livelihood-making. Importantly, the book treats informality not as a 'wrong institution' to be eliminated, but as a functional repertoire that can attain and sustain a particular level of institutional credibility – an insight that helps explain why it persists and adapts even under renewed formalization efforts. Their Credibility Thesis, operationalized via the FAT framework and CSI checklist, equips scholars and practitioners to plan with, rather than against, these informal realities.' Dr. Junxi Qian, Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 'In this excellently written and brilliantly researched book, Zhu Qian and Chen Yang have given us a vivid documentation of the various struggles residents experience after being resettled by the state as well as the many possibilities for residents to take agency in rebuilding their post-resettlement livelihoods. Through in-depth research of three representative relocation settlements in China, the book makes an important contribution towards the scholarship on informality and challenges us to rethink the blurry boundary between formality and informality. When Formalization Fails is a must read for anyone interested in what happens to residents after their resettlement.' Dr. Zheng Wang, Senior Lecturer in Sustainable Cities, Department of Geography, King's College of London, United Kingdom


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