When Fitness Went Global: The Rise of Physical Culture in the Nineteenth Century

Author:   Conor Heffernan (Ulster University, UK)
Publisher:   Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
ISBN:  

9781350500778


Pages:   264
Publication Date:   13 November 2025
Format:   Paperback
Availability:   Available To Order   Availability explained
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When Fitness Went Global: The Rise of Physical Culture in the Nineteenth Century


Overview

Fitness, exercise and physical culture is a key part of our modern lives, but has this always been the case? In this book, Conor Heffernan shows how the 19th century was critical for the development of the modern fitness industry, and how the globalization of physical culture was entangled in, and spread by, concepts of nationalism, gender, race, empire and medicine. From yoga and gymnastics to Indian club swinging and Jiujitsu, When Fitness Went Global follows some of the most popular fitness practices from around the world as they were exported on a global scale during the long 19th century. Showing how this came about through imperial networks, military education, new print culture, faster trade networks and changing ideas about the body, it shows how beautiful bodies were linked to notions of national strength and imperial might. Exploring how both local and international understandings of exercise were negotiated, it asks why some practices became global while others did not, and shows how fitness was revolutionised during the 19th century.

Full Product Details

Author:   Conor Heffernan (Ulster University, UK)
Publisher:   Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Imprint:   Bloomsbury Academic
Dimensions:   Width: 15.60cm , Height: 2.60cm , Length: 23.20cm
Weight:   0.420kg
ISBN:  

9781350500778


ISBN 10:   1350500771
Pages:   264
Publication Date:   13 November 2025
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Tertiary & Higher Education ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order   Availability explained
We have confirmation that this item is in stock with the supplier. It will be ordered in for you and dispatched immediately.

Table of Contents

Introduction: The Global Nineteenth Century 1. The Long Durée of Fitness 2. Globalising Local Practices 3. Institutional and International Gymnastics 4. Physical Culture and Selling Fitness 5. Protected Practices Conclusion Bibliography Index

Reviews

A must-read book for anyone interested in how the modern fitness industry first spread globally during the nineteenth century. Well written, drawing on a prodigious amount of research, Conor Heffernan impressively analyses just how physical culture practices first critically clustered around a clear set of ideas, movements, products and body ideals. * Dr Mike Huggins Emeritus Professor of Cultural History University of Cumbria, UK *


A must-read book for anyone interested in how the modern fitness industry first spread globally during the nineteenth century. Well written, drawing on a prodigious amount of research, Conor Heffernan impressively analyses just how physical culture practices first critically clustered around a clear set of ideas, movements, products and body ideals. * Dr Mike Huggins Emeritus Professor of Cultural History University of Cumbria, UK * Conor Heffernan takes us into a 19th century world where, every day, elite Swedish gymnasts, drilled Indian soldiers, and loose-limbed American university athletes all shared the same physical exercises as hundreds of thousands of London School Board kids. Just as weight-lifting and yoga, diet and calisthenics, posture and movement, inhabit our lives, so they inhabited theirs. Not only a history of the search for the perfect body, it is a history of the search for control. Beautifully written, it’s part of who we are. * Robert Colls, Professor Emeritus, De Montfort University, UK *


Author Information

Conor Heffernan is Lecturer in the Sociology of Sport at Ulster University, UK, and Chair of the British Society of Sports History. The author of A History of Physical Culture in Ireland, The History of Physical Culture and Indian Club Swinging and the Birth of Global Fitness, Conor has published over fifty peer-reviewed articles and runs a history of fitness website, ‘Physical Culture Study’.

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