Overview

The fifth generation (5G) mobile network brings significant new capacity and opportunity to network operators while also creating new challenges and additional pressure to build and operate networks differently. The transformation to 5G mobile networks creates the opportunity to virtualize significant portions of the radio access (RAN) and network core, allowing operators to better compete with over-the-top and hyperscaler offerings. This book covers the business and technical areas of virtualization that enable the transformation and innovation that today’s operators are seeking. It identifies forward-looking gaps where the technology continues to develop, specifically packet acceleration and timing requirements, which today are still not fully virtualized. The book shows you the operational and support considerations, development and lifecycle management, business implications, and vendor-team dynamics involved in deploying a virtualized network. Packed with key concepts of virtualization that solve a broad array of problems, this is an essential reference for those entering this technical domain, those that are going to build and operate these networks, and those that are seeking to learn more about the telecom network. It illustrates why you just can’t do it all in the cloud today.

Full Product Details

Author:   Larry Horner ,  Kurt Tutschku ,  Andrea Fumagalli ,  ShunmugaPriya Ramanathan
Publisher:   Artech House Publishers
Imprint:   Artech House Publishers
Edition:   Unabridged edition
ISBN:  

9781630819309

ISBN 10:   1630819301
Pages:   410
Publication Date:   30 April 2023
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

1 Virtualizing the 5G RAN and Network 1.1 Introduction to virtualizing the Mobile network 1.1.1 The beginning of NFV. 1.2 Expanding on the first vision of virtualization 1.3 Breaking down the fundamentals driving Virtualization. 1.4 Applying this to the mobile radio network 1.5 Transforming the mobile network, one G at a time. 1.6 Evolving small steps on the Gs 1.7 Which ‘Network’ is this exactly: 1.8 TLS’s, acronyms, and domain specific terms abound. 1.9 Telecom providers go by many names 1.10 Addressing the various audiences 1.11 To those new to this industry. 1.12 Structure of the remaining chapters 1.12.1 The Fundamentals: Chapters 1-5 1.12.2 Engineering of Virtualized 5G and B5G Systems: Chapter 6 through 11 1.12.3 Future developments: Chapters 12 to 14 1.13. References   2 Benefits of NFV for 5G and B5G Networks and Standards Bodies 2.1 Why NFV for the network 2.1.1 Transformation of a large legacy business is difficult 2.2 The existing NEP ecosystem of vendors 2.3 Changing business model’s mid-stream 2.4 Independent Software Vendors as NEPs 2.5 Green field entrants into the CSP business 2.6 Transformation from hardware centric to software centric networks 2.6.1 Data traffic dominates the network 2.6.2 There is a fixed cost to moving bits 2.6.3 A tale of two models 2.7 Applying the Cloud model to the Telco 2.8 Paths taken to evolve the Telco Network 2.8.1 3G Data begins to be the primary content in the network 2.8.2 Interfaces connecting end points in the network 2.9 The ever-evolving introduction of technology into the Network 2.9.1 Making the network global 2.9.2 This global network comes at a high cost 2.9.3 Relating this back to the 5G network 2.10 The drive for improved agility and efficiency 2.10.1 DevOps and CI/CD 2.11 Separation between data plane and control plane 2.11.1 The 5G User Plane Function and Data Network 2.11.2 5G Standalone and Non-Standalone deployments 2.12 3GPP as the leading standard body for the mobile network 2.13 Introducing the ITU 2.14 IETF, IEEE, ETSI and TM Forum and other standards bodies 2.15 Open RAN’s role in virtualizing 5G 2.16 Venture Capital investments 2.17 Summary 2.18 References   3 Virtualization Concepts for Networks 3.1 The virtualization of the network 3.1.1 What is Virtualization? 3.2 Managing the Virtual Resources – Resource Control and Efficiency 3.3 A Brief History of Virtualization Concepts 3.4 Virtualization through the ages 3.4.1 The yearly years: Computer and OS Virtualization 3.4.2 The second decade of virtualization: Virtualization leaves the research labs 3.4.3 Smaller computers join the fray 3.4.3 Processes start talking to each other 3.4.4 Democratizing Computing in the 1980s 3.4.5 1990s Universality and Independence 3.4.6 2000 the era of Hardware Efficiency 3.4.7 2010 Control Efficiency 3.5 Cloud Computing 3.5.1 1970 – 1980, The embryonic phase 3.5.2 1990 Distributed and Bundling 3.5.3 2000 The Cloud becomes a commercial offering 3.5.4 2010’s Control, Automation, Orchestration and Application Engineering 3.6 Network Virtualization 3.6.1 1960 – mid 1980 Roots and Programmability of Distributed Computing 3.6.2 Mid 1980 – 2000 The Internet boom 3.6.3 2000 – 2005 Powerful Application Overlays and Ossification of the Internet 3.6.4 2005 – 2010 Network Virtualization and Network Slices 3.6.5 2010 Programmability of the Network 3.7 Basic Objects and Data Structures for Network Virtualization 3.7.1 Network Topology 3.7.2 Addressing 3.7.3 Routing 3.7.4 Resource Management 3.8 Summary 3.9 References   4 Data Plan Virtualization and Programmability for Mobile Networks 4.1 Data plane acceleration with OpenFlow and P4 4.1.1 Context for acceleration 4.2 OpenFlow 4.2.1 Flows 4.2.2 Configuration 4.2.3 System Model and Pipeline 4.2.4 Ports 4.2.5 Group, Meters and Counters 4.2.6 Forwarding Abstraction 4.2.7 Instructions and Actions 4.2.8 Header and Match Fields 4.2.9 Examples for Matching Headers 4.2.10 Evaluation of the OpenFlow Concept 4.2.11 The importance of OpenFlow in 5G 4.3 P4 Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors 4.3.1 Domain-specific Programmability 4.3.2 The P4 Language 4.3.3 P4 Concept 4.3.4 Data Plane Forwarding and P4 Enhancements 4.3.5 Programming a P4 Device 4.3.6 The P4 Language 4.3.7 P4 Runtime Architecture 4.3.8 Evaluation of P4 4.4 Conclusion 4.5 References   5 Performance and Security, infrastructures for Virtual Network Functions 5.1 Performance and security considerations 5.1.1 Virtualization Modes and Requirements 5.1.2 Sharing, Aggregation, and Emulation in Virtualization 5.2 Performance Evaluation Concepts for the Sharing of Resources 5.2.1 Networking Scenario 5.2.2 Mathematical Concept 5.2.3 Mathematics model 5.2.4 A More Realistic Description of the Impact 5.2.5 Smallest Timescale and Timescale Analysis 5.2.6 Capabilities and Conclusion 5.3 Performance Evaluation Concepts for the Aggregation of Resources 5.3.1 Foundations 5.4 CPU Pinning 5.5 Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) 5.6 Conclusion 5.6 References   6 Transforming and Disaggregation in 5G and B5G Networks 6.1 The transformed and disaggregation of the network 6.1.1 Challenges to transformation the telco network 6.2 DevOps, a method to improve the system management. 6.3 TelcoDevOps 6.4 Transforming the operations in the Network 6.5 Rolling out 5G in the network 6.5.1 5G Non-Standalone and Standalone considerations. 6.6 Private LTE and Private 5G 6.7 Why now, the cost of the 4G and 5G 6.7.1 Regulatory considerations 6.8 Security in the disaggregated network 6.9 Transforming Operations, a use case example 6.10 Beyond 5G market drivers 6.11 References   7 Designing virtualized-RAN 7.1 Virtualizing the 5G RAN 7.1.1 It all begins with the standards 7.1.2 Operating systems of choice 7.1.3 Supplementation of the O.S. 7.2 The continuing evolution of the standards 7.3 Attaching the UE to a network 7.3.1 The roaming UE 7.3.2 The UE detailed signaling flow 7.4 Initialization of the DU to CU connection 7.4.1 Back to the UE attachment 7.5 The 80/20 rule 7.6 Splitting the RAN – revisited 7.6.1 FEC processing and more in the RAN 7.7 eCPRI – The Front Haul Interface transformation 7. 8 Summary 7.9 References   8 vRAN Performance Engineering 8.1 Network Performance Engineering 8.1.1 5G Drivers 8.1.2 5G Usage Scenarios 8.1.3 5G Spectrum Bands 8.2. 5G Functional Split 8.2.1 5G Functional Split Origin 8.2.2 eCPRI 8.2.3 Functional Split Options 8.2.4 Functional Splits Tradeoff 8.2.5 How to Select and Additional Functional Split Options 8.2.5.1 Key Split Options for Initial Deployment 8.3 5G Deployment options: Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) Architecture 8.3.1 SA and NSA Deployment Options 8.3.2 Technical and Cost Comparison 8.3.2.1 Technical Comparison between SA and NSA Options 8.3.2.2 Deployment Time and Cost Comparison between NSA and SA Options 8.3.3 Migration Path from 4G LTE to 5G 8.4. 5G Roadmap 8.4.1 3GPP Release of 5G NR 8.4.2 5G Services in North America 8.4.3 4G-5G Interworking Architecture 8.4.4 User Plane and Control Plane Deployment Considerations 8.5 Key Challenges in 5G Roll Out 8.5.1 System Security 8.5.1.1 Backwards Compatibility 8.5.1.2 Cloud Computing, NFV, and SDN 8.5.2 Service Performance and Availability 8.5.2.1 Redundancy Allocation 8.5.2.2 Live Migration of Network Functions   9 Building the vRAN Business – Technologies and Economical Concerns for a Virtualized Radio Access Network 9.1 Where is the cost and opportunity in 5G 9.2 The 5G business outcome 9.3 New models to address the TCO 9.4 The oRAN model introduces a RAN Intelligent Controller 9.5 Features of the one socket server 9.6 Open Source remains a critical element to the virtualization effort. 9.6.1 Open-Source community in the RAN 9.7 Asymmetry in 5G and the previous G’s 9.8 5G market drivers in Asia 9.9 Business considerations of virtualization 9.10 White Boxes - Truly SHVS – why and why not in the vRAN 9.11 Bright Boxes - Standard High-Volume Servers – with one or two ‘customized’ features 9.12 References   10 Designing Virtualized 5G Networks 10.1 Successfully Designing Virtualized 5G Networks 10.1.1 What is Success for a Virtual System Design? 10.1.2 Overall Aim 10.1.3 Efficient Virtualization 10.1.4 Separation and Portability 10.1.5 Open-Source Software 10.2. Open-Source Software for 5G 10.2.1 Why Open-Source Software (OSS) 10.2.2 Flexibility and Agility 10.2.3 Speed of development and deployment 10.2.4 Low Licensing Efforts 10.2.5 Cost-Effectiveness 10.2.6 Ability to Start Small 10.2.7 Software Security 10.2.8 Shared Maintenance Costs 10.2.9 Enabling Future Development and Attract Better Talent 10.3. 5G Open-Source efforts 10.3.1 Open source 5G Core Network Elements 10.3.2 Openair-CN-5G 10.3.3 Open5GS 10.3.4 free5GC 10.3.5 Open-source Evolved Packet Core 10.3.6 OMEC 10.3.7 Facebook MAGMA 10.3.8 srsEPC 10.4 Open-source Radio Access Network Elements 10.4.1 OpenAirInterface 5g RAN 10.4.2 srsRAN 10.4.3 O-RAN Amber 10.5 Open Software-Defined-Radio Devices 10.6 Open-source Control and Orchestration 10.6.1 OAI Mosaic 5G 10.6.2 Akraino 10.7 Design and Performance Criteria for Virtualized 5G Systems 10.7.1 Computer Systems and Software Engineering Concepts for Virtualized 5G Systems 10.8 Computer Systems and Software Engineering Concepts for 5G Functions 10.9 Performance Criteria for 5G Systems 10.9.1 Scenarios and KPIs 10.10. Summary 10.11 References   11 Scaling Disaggregated vRANs 11.1 The Disaggregated vRAN 11.1.1 RAN Disaggregation 11.2 RAN Intelligent Controller Overview 11.2.1 Interfaces 11.2.2 RIC Design Principles and Components 11.2.3 Policy Guidance 11.3 Security Challenges 11.2.4 ML/AI Role in the RIC 11.3 Security Challenges 11.3.1 Key Security Threats 11.3.2 Key Security Pillars 11.3.2.1 Virtualization and Softwarization Security 11.3.2.2 Open Source and API Security 11.3.2.3 Network Slicing Security 11.3.2.4 SDN Security 11.3.2.5 Cloud RAN Security 11.3.2.6 Edge Computing Security 11.3.2.7 Supply Chain Security 11.3.2.8 Data Security and Privacy 11.3.2.9 Optimization and Orchestration Security 11.3.2.10 Predictive Security Monitoring and Analytics 11.4 5G Resiliency 11.4.1 Network Resiliency 11.4.2 VNF Resiliency 11.4.3 Dynamic Rerouting with Live Migration Support 11.5 References   12 Private 5G Networks and the Edge 12.1 The privatization of the network with p5G 12.1.1 Usage Scenario and Objectives 12.1.2 Service Objectives and Attributes for Private 5G 12.2 Technology Overview 12.2.1 Deployment Scenarios 12.3 Multi-access Edge Computing and Private 5G Systems 12.3.1 MEC Overview 12.3.2 MEC Architecture Elements 12.3.3 Future MEC Solutions for Private 5G Systems 12.4 Business Issues with Private 5G and MEC Systems 12.4.1 Enabling Private 5G Benefits for Applications 12.4.2 SIM, eSIM, iSIM 12.4.3 MEC and Hyperscalers at the Edge 12.5 Summary 12.6 References   13 Open-Source Software Development and Experimental Activities 13.1 Open-Source and the research community 13.1.1 5G Open-Source Software Packages 13.1.2 Openair-CN-5G 13.1.3 Open5GS 13.1.4 Open5GS 13.1.5 free5GC 13.1.6 Open Source Evolved Packet Core 13.1.7 OMEC 13.1.8 Facebook MAGMA 13.1.9 srsEPC 13.2 Open-source Radio Access Network Elements 13.2.1 OpenAirInterface 5G RAN 13.2.2 srsRAN 13.2.3 O-RAN Amber 13.2.4 Open Software-Defined-Radio (SDR) Devices 13.3 Open-source Control and Orchestration 13.3.1 OAI Mosaic 5G 13.3/2 Akraino 13.4 5G Experimental Networks for US-EU Collaboration 13.4.1 POWDER 13.4.2 Colosseum 13.4.3 COSMOS 13.4.4 AERPAW 13.4.5 NITOS 13.4.6 R2LAB 13.4.7 Open Experimental Sites in 5G-EVE 13.5 Open5GLab 13.5.1 Plug’In 13.5.2 Wireless Edge Factory 13.5.3 5TONIC 13.5.4 Open Experimental Sites in 5GENESIS 13.5.5 Open Experimental Sites in 5G-VINNI 13.6 Summary 13.7 References   14 Summary of Virtualization of 5G and Beyond. 14.1 Where it all began 14.2 New Markets 14.3 6G is on the horizon 14.4 Summary of some key factors 14.4.1 A cloudy crystal ball 14.5 In conclusion 14.5.1 Possible research areas 14.6 References   15 Acronyms, TLA’s and Other Common Terms 15.1 Introduction to TLA’s and other acronyms 15.2 Some CSP acronyms and terms   Index

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