Overview

Vesicobullous lesions of the oral cavity constitute a group of mucocutaneous disorders characterized by vesicle or bulla formation involving the oral mucosa. These lesions may arise from autoimmune, inflammatory, genetic, infectious, or drug-induced causes and often present diagnostic difficulty due to overlapping clinical features. Oral manifestations may precede or occur independently of skin involvement, highlighting the importance of early detection by dental clinicians.Autoimmune vesicobullous diseases are the most clinically significant and include pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid, linear IgA disease, and dermatitis herpetiformis. Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common oral vesicobullous disorder and frequently presents with painful erosions caused by intraepithelial blistering due to acantholysis. Subepithelial disorders such as mucous membrane pemphigoid produce relatively tense bullae and may result in scarring.Common symptoms include pain, burning sensation, dysphagia, and difficulty in mastication.

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