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Author:   William A. Burgess (Harvard School of Public Health, MA,USA) ,  Michael J. Ellenbecker (University of Lowell, MA, USA) ,  Robert D. Treitman (Interleaf, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA)
Publisher:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Imprint:   Wiley-Interscience
Edition:   2nd edition
Dimensions:   Width: 16.20cm , Height: 2.60cm , Length: 24.50cm
Weight:   0.760kg
ISBN:  

9780471095323

ISBN 10:   047109532
Pages:   440
Publication Date:   25 June 2004
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

List of Units xiii Preface xv 1 Ventilation for Control 1 1.1 Control Options 2 1.2 Ventilation for Control of Air Contaminants 3 1.3 Ventilation Applications 5 1.4 Case Studies 7 1.5 Summary 9 References 11 2 Principles of Airflow 12 2.1 Airflow 13 2.2 Density 13 2.3 Continuity Relation 14 2.4 Pressure 16 2.4.1 Pressure Units 16 2.4.2 Types of Pressure 17 2.5 Head 18 2.6 Elevation 20 2.7 Pressure Relationships 22 2.7.1 Reynolds Number 24 2.8 Losses 26 2.8.1 Frictional Losses 26 2.8.2 Shock Losses 28 2.9 Losses in Fittings 30 2.9.1 Expansions 30 2.9.2 Contractions 32 2.9.3 Elbows 35 2.9.4 Branch Entries (Junctions) 36 2.10 Summary 38 List of Symbols 38 Problems 39 3 Airflow Measurement Techniques 43 3.1 Measurement of Velocity by Pitot–Static Tube 45 3.1.1 Pressure Measurements 47 3.1.2 Velocity Profile in a Duc 50 3.1.3 Pitot–Static Traverse 57 3.1.4 Application of the Pitot–Static Tube and Potential Errors 60 3.2 Mechanical Devices 61 3.2.1 Rotating Vane Anemometers 61 3.2.2 Deflecting Vane Anemometers (Velometer) 68 3.2.3 Bridled Vane Anemometers 71 3.3 Heated-Element Anemometers 72 3.4 Other Devices 75 3.4.1 Vortex Shedding Anemometers 75 3.4.2 Orifice Meters 76 3.4.3 Venturi Meters 76 3.5 Hood Static Pressure Method 77 3.6 Calibration of Instruments 79 3.7 Observation of Airflow Patterns with Visible Tracers 80 3.7.1 Tracer Design 81 3.7.2 Application of Visible Tracers 84 List of Symbols 85 References 86 Manufacturers of Airflow Measuring Instruments 87 Manufacturers of Smoke Tubes 87 Problems 87 4 General Exhaust Ventilation 90 4.1 Limitations of Application 91 4.2 Equations for General Exhaust Ventilation 93 4.3 Variations in Generation Rate 99 4.4 Mixing 100 4.5 Inlet  Outlet Locations 101 4.6 Other Factors 102 4.7 Comparison of General and Local Exhaust 105 List of Symbols 106 References 106 Problems 107 5 Hood Design 108 5.1 Classification of Hood Types 109 5.1.1 Enclosures 109 5.1.2 Exterior Hoods 110 5.1.3 Receiving Hoods 115 5.1.4 Summary 116 5.2 Design of Enclosing Hoods 116 5.3 Design of Exterior Hoods 120 5.3.1 Determination of Capture Velocity 120 5.3.2 Determination of Hood Airflow 125 5.3.3 Exterior Hood Shape and Location 135 5.4 Design of Receiving Hoods 135 5.4.1 Canopy Hoods for Heated Processes 135 5.4.2 Hoods for Grinding Operations 138 5.5 Evaluation of Hood Performance 141 List of Symbols 142 References 142 Appendix: Exterior Hood Centerline Velocity Models 144 Problems 148 6 Hood Designs for Specific Applications 151 6.1 Electroplating 152 6.1.1 Hood Design 152 6.1.2 Airflow 155 6.2 Spray Painting 159 6.2.1 Hood Design 159 6.2.2 Airflow 163 6.3 Processing and Transfer of Granular Material 165 6.4 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing 169 6.5 Chemical Processing 177 6.5.1 Chemical Processing Operations 178 6.6 Semiconductor Gas Cabinets 187 6.6.1 Entry Loss 190 6.6.2 Optimum Exhaust Rate 191 6.7 Low-Volume  High-Velocity Systems for Portable Tools  192 Example 6.1 Calculation of Exhaust Rate for Open-Surface Tanks 199 Example 6.2 Design of a Low-Volume  High-Velocity Exhaust System  200 List of Symbols 201 References 202 7 Chemical Laboratory Ventilation 204 7.1 Design of Chemical Laboratory Hoods 205 7.1.1 Vertical Sliding Sash Hoods 205 7.1.2 Horizontal Sliding Sash Hoods 209 7.1.3 Auxiliary Air Supply Hoods 212 7.2 Face Velocity for Laboratory Hoods 214 7.3 Special Laboratory Hoods 216 7.4 Laboratory Exhaust System Features 217 7.4.1 System Configuration 217 7.4.2 Construction 218 7.5 Factors Influencing Hood Performance 220 7.5.1 Layout of Laboratory 220 7.5.2 Work Practices 222 7.6 Energy Conservation 224 7.6.1 Reduce Operating Time 224 7.6.2 Limit Airflow 225 7.6.3 Design for Diversity 227 7.6.4 Heat Recovery 227 7.6.5 Ductless Laboratory Hoods 227 7.7 Performance of Laboratory Hoods 228 7.8 General Laboratory Ventilation 229 References 229 Problems 230 8 Design of Single-Hood Systems 232 8.1 Design Approach 233 8.2 Design of a Simple One-Hood System (Banbury Mixer Hood) 234 8.3 Design of a Slot Hood System for a Degreasing Tank 241 8.3.1 Loss Elements in a Complex Hood 241 8.3.2 Degreaser Hood Design Using Velocity Pressure Calculation Sheet (Example 8.2) 245 8.4 Pressure Plot for Single-Hood System 247 List of Symbols 247 Example 8.1 Banbury Mixer System Designed by the Velocity Pressure Method 248 Example 8.2 Degreaser System Designed by the Velocity Pressure Method 250 References 251 Appendix: Metric Version of Example 8.1 252 Problems 252 9 Design of Multiple-Hood Systems 254 9.1 Applications of Multiple-Hood Systems 254 9.2 Balanced Design Approach 256 9.3 Static Pressure Balance Method 260 9.3.1 Foundry Cleaning Room System (Example 9.1) 260 9.3.2 Electroplating Shop (Example 9.2) 262 9.4 Blast Gate Balance Method 265 9.5 Other Computational Methods 265 List of Symbols 266 Example 9.1 Foundry Cleaning Room Designed by Static Pressure Balance Method 267 Example 9.2 Electroplating Shop System Designed by Static Pressure Balance Method 272 References 278 Additional Reading 279 Appendix: Metric Version of Example 9.1 280 10 Fans and Blowers 282 10.1 Types of Air Movers 283 10.1.1 Axial Flow Fans 283 10.1.2 Centrifugal Fans 285 10.1.3 Air Ejectors 287 10.2 Fan Curves 288 10.2.1 Static Pressure Curve 289 10.2.2 Power Curve 291 10.2.3 Mechanical Efficiency Curve 293 10.2.4 Fan Laws  295 10.2.5 Relationship between Fan Curves and Fan Tables 297 10.3 Using Fans in Ventilation Systems 298 10.3.1 General Exhaust Ventilation Systems 298 10.3.2 Local Exhaust Ventilation Systems 300 10.4 Fan Selection Procedure 305 List of Symbols 308 References 309 Problems 309 11 Air-Cleaning Devices 311 11.1 Categories of Air-Cleaning Devices 312 11.1.1 Particle Removers 312 11.1.2 Gas and Vapor Removers 322 11.2 Matching the Air-Cleaning Device to the Contaminant 325 11.2.1 Introduction 325 11.2.2 Device Selection 326 11.3 Integrating the Air Cleaner and the Ventilation System 326 11.3.1 Gravity Settling Devices 330 11.3.2 Centrifugal Collectors 330 11.3.3 Filters 331 11.3.4 Electrostatic Precipitators 334 11.3.5 Scrubbers 334 11.3.6 Gas and Vapor Removers 335 List of Symbols 336 References 337 Problems 337 12 Replacement-Air Systems 338 12.1 Types of Replacement-Air Units 340 12.2 Need for Replacement Air 341 12.3 Quantity of Replacement Air 342 12.4 Delivery of Replacement Air 344 12.4.1 Replacement-Air System 1 (RAS-1), Melting Furnaces 349 12.4.2 Replacement-Air System 2 (RAS-2), Floor Casting 349 12.4.3 Replacement-Air System 3 (RAS-3), Sand Handling 350 12.4.4 Replacement-Air System 4 (RAS-4), Shakeout 351 12.5 Replacement Air for Heating 352 12.6 Energy Conservation and Replacement Air 353 12.7 Summary 356 References 356 13 Quantification of Hood Performance 358 13.1 Hood Airflow Measurements 359 13.2 Hood Capture Efficiency 360 13.2.1 Influence of Cross-Drafts on Hood Performance 361 13.2.2 Relationship between Airflow Patterns and Capture Efficiency 363 13.2.3 Shortcomings of the Centerline Velocity Approach 370 13.3 Use of Capture Efficiency in Hood Design 372 List of Symbols 372 References 373 14 Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Ventilation System Design 374 14.1 Introduction 374 14.2 Methods 376 14.2.1 Grid-Based Methods 377 14.2.2 Grid-Free Methods 378 14.3 Applications 379 14.3.1 Historical Perspectives 379 14.3.2 Current Progress 380 14.4 Issues on the Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics 386 14.5 Commercial Codes: Public-Domain Information 387 References 387 Appendix 389 15 Reentry 391 15.1 Airflow around Buildings 393 15.2 Measurement of Reentry 396 15.3 Calculation of Exhaust Dilution 401 15.4 Scale Model Measurement 404 15.5 Design to Prevent Reentry 406 15.5.1 Stack Height Determination 407 15.5.2 Good Engineering Practices for Stack Design 408 List of Symbols 412 References 413 Problems 415 Index 417

Reviews

!clearly a definitive first class publication on industrial ventilation!if your goal is to expand your knowledge of ventilation this a great place to start. (Chemical Health and Safety, January--February 2005)

...clearly a definitive first class publication on industrial ventilation...if your goal is to expand your knowledge of ventilation this a great place to start. (Chemical Health and Safety, January-February 2005)

Author Information

WILLIAM A. BURGESS is Associate Professor of Occupational Health Engineering, Emeritus, at the Harvard School of Public Health. He is the 1996 recipient of the Donald E. Cummings Memorial Award of the American Industrial Hygiene Association, and the author of Recognition of Health Hazards in Industry (Wiley). MICHAEL J. ELLENBECKER is Professor of Industrial Hygiene in the Department of Work Environment at the University of Massachusetts Lowell and the Director of the Toxics Use Reduction Institute. A Certified Industrial Hygienist, Dr. Ellenbecker received his ScD in environmental health sciences from Harvard. ROBERT D. TREITMAN, a graduate of Brown University and the Harvard School of Public Health, has done extensive research and consulting in industrial hygiene and indoor air pollution. He is currently Vice President and co-owner of Softpro, Inc., in Waltham, Massachusetts. CONTRIBUTORS-Professor Michael Flynn, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, has contributed a chapter introducing the application of computational methods to the study of ventilation. Martin Horowitz, an industrial hygiene pr actitioner at Analog Devices, has presented an overview of the techniques for the identification and control of contaminant reentry.

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