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This dissertation, Update and Evaluation of 16SpathDB, an Automated Comprehensive Database for Identification of Medically Important Bacteria by 16S RRNA Gene Sequencing by Shiu-yan, Yeung, 楊兆恩, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Identification of pathogens is one of the important duties of clinical microbiology laboratory. Traditionally, phenotypic tests are used to identify the bacteria. However, due to some limitations of the phenotypic tests, the bacteria may not be identified sometimes and cannot be identified promptly. 16S rRNA gene sequencing is a rapid and accurate method to achieve this target. It is especially useful for identify rare or slow growing bacteria. However, the interpretation of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing result is one of the challenging duties to laboratory technicians and microbiologists. Apart from the well known 16S rRNA gene databases such as Genbank, The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP-II), MicroSeq databases, Ribosomal Differentiation of medical Microorganism database (RIDOM), SmartGene IDNS, 16SpathDB is an automated and comprehensive database for interpret the 16S rRNA gene result. The 16SpathDB first version was established in 2011. In this study, 16SpathDB was updated based on the all clinical important bacteria present in the 10th edition of the Manual of Clinical Microbiology (MCM)(Versalovic. et al., 2011) into this new version of database, 16SpathDB 2.0. The database was evaluated by using 689 16S rRNA gene sequences from 689 complete genomes of medically important bacteria. Among the 689 16S rRNA gene sequences, none was wrongly identified by 16SpathDB 2.0, with 247 (35.8%) 16S rRNA gene sequences reported in only one single bacterial species with more than 98% nucleotide identity with the query sequence (category 1), 440 (63.9%) reported as more than one bacterial species having more than 98% nucleotide identity with the query sequence (category 2), 2 (0.3%) reported to the genus level (category 3), and none reported as no species in 16SpathDB 2.0 found to be sharing high nucleotide identity to your query sequence (category 4). 16SpathDB 2.0 is an updated, automated, user-friendly, efficient and accurate database for 16S rRNA gene sequence interpretation in clinical microbiology laboratories. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5091599 Subjects: Pathogenic bacteriaNucleotide sequence

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