Overview

Early peoples migrating to the Americas via the coastal migration route would have travelled through southeast Alaska during periods with lower sea levels. The residues of where they lived, hunted and gathered are on the now submerged continental shelf of southeast Alaska. A GIS model, two years of marine geophysical survey (including side scan sonar, sub-bottom profiling and multibeam sonar) and minimal subsurface testing have allowed the author to refine the methods for locating submerged archaeological sites buried on the continental shelf. The environment is reconstructed in 500-year intervals, and these intervals are used to create a predictive model for each time period using inductive and deductive methods. The final model combines the interval models for a final prediction of probable archaeological sites within the region.

Full Product Details

Author:   Kelly Rose Bale Monteleone
Publisher:   BAR Publishing
Imprint:   BAR Publishing
Weight:   0.526kg
ISBN:  

9781407316567

ISBN 10:   1407316567
Pages:   132
Publication Date:   28 January 2019
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order  
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Table of Contents

List of Tables List of Figures Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Project Background 1.3. Study Region and Study Area 1.4. The GIS Model 1.5. Peopling of the Americas 1.6. Northwest Coast Maritime Adaptations 1.7. How Does This Relate to Other Projects? 1.8. Structure of This Book 2 Theoretical Background 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Landscape Theory 2.2.1. Historical Development of Landscape Theory 2.2.2. Modern Landscape Theory 2.2.3. Non-sites 2.2.4. Seascapes 2.3. Archaeological Predictive Models 2.3.1. History of High Potential Models 2.3.2. High Potential Models as Middle-Range Theory 2.3.3. Types of High Potential Models 2.3.4. Testing Models 2.3.5. Issues with Predictive Models 2.3.5.1. Site Types 2.3.5.2. Archaeological Site Sample 2.3.5.3. Palaeoenvironments 2.3.5.4. Scale 2.3.6. Examples of Predictive Models 2.4. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 2.4.1. History of GIS 2.4.2. GIS Programs 2.5. Underwater Archaeology 2.5.1. Danish Model 2.5.2. Underwater Archaeological Projects 2.6. Conclusion 3 Introduction to the Pre-10,000 cal BP Palaeogeography of the northern NWC and Vicinity 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Southeast Alaska 3.3. Flora and Fauna 3.4. Glaciation 3.5. Sea Level Reconstructions 3.5.1. Sea Level Reconstruction for the Outer Islands of the Alexander Archipelago 3.5.2. Sea Level Reconstruction for the Inner Islands of the Alexander Archipelago 3.6. Last Glacial Maximum Refugia in Southeast Alaska 3.6.1. Faunal Evidence Supporting Refugia 3.6.2. Flora Evidence Supporting Refugia 3.7. Geomorphology of Southeast Alaska 3.8. Study Area - Shakan Bay 4 Archaeology and Ethnography of the northern NWC 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Origins and Land-Use History of the NWC 4.3. Cultural Chronologies 4.3.1. Variability in Site Locations 4.4. Geographic Variability 4.5. Northern NWC Ethnographic Groups 4.5.1. Tsimshian 4.5.2. Haida 4.5.3. Tlingit 4.6. Site Location Descriptions 5 The GIS Model 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Data 5.2.1. Bathymetry and DEM 5.2.2. Archaeological Site Data 5.3. The Three Stages of the Model 5.3.1. How This Research Fits with Similar Site Discovery Models 5.3.2. Stage One - Inputs for the Model 5.3.2.1. Water 5.3.3. Stage Two - Model Outputs 5.3.3.1. Intermediate Products 5.3.3.2. Coasts and Coastal Sinuosity 5.3.3.3. Final Products 5.4. Summary 6 Analysis of the Model 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Kvamme's Gain 6.3. Spatial Statistics 6.3.1. Getis-Ord General-G 6.3.2. Global Moran's I 6.4. Summary 7 Field Testing the Model 7.1. Introduction 7.2. June 2010 Survey 7.2.1. Shakan Bay Anomaly One 7.2.2. Shakan Bay Anomaly Two 7.2.3. Shakan Bay Anomaly Three 7.2.4. Shakan Bay Anomaly Five - Shipwreck 7.3. May 2012 Survey 7.3.1. Multibeam Sonar 7.3.2. Sub-bottom Profiler 7.3.3. ROV and Sub-surface Testing 7.4. Summary 8 Pre-10,000 cal BP Archaeological Sites on the Northern NWC 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Southeast Alaskan Sites 8.2.1. Ground Hog Bay 2 (11,528 cal BP) 8.2.2. Hidden Falls (10,157 cal BP) 8.2.3. Irish Creek (10,484 cal BP) 8.2.4. On Your Knees Cave (10,207 cal BP and 12,129 cal BP) 8.2.5. Trout Creek Upper Terrace (10,364 cal BP) 8.2.6. Rice Creek (10,235 cal BP) 8.3. Haida Gwaii 8.3.1. K1 Cave (12,650 cal BP) 8.3.2. Richardson Island (10,442 cal BP) 8.3.3. Werner Bay (12,481 cal BP) 8.3.4. Arrow Creek (10,625 cal BP and 10,584 cal BP) 8.3.5. Gaadu Din Caves (12,683 cal BP cave 1, 12,480 cal BP cave 2) 8.3.6. Kilgii Gwaay (10,675 cal BP) 8.4. Mainland British Columbia 8.4.1. Far West Point (11,045 cal BP) 8.4.2. Triquet Island (13,850 cal BP) 8.4.3. Kildidit Narrows (11,419 cal BP and 13,564 cal BP) 8.4.4. Namu (11,049 cal BP) 8.4.5. North Pruth Bay (10,608 cal BP) 8.4.6. North Kwakshua Channel (13,300 cal BP) 8.5. Site Summary 9 Discussion 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Model 9.2.1. Resolution 9.2.2. Moderately High vs. High Potential 9.2.3. Spatial Statistics 9.3. Shakan Bay Glacial History 9.4. Why Were No Sites Located? 9.5. Beringia 10 Conclusion Bibliography

Reviews

{\rtf1\fbidis\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0\deflang2057{\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss\fprq2\fcharset0 Calibri;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Verdana;}} \viewkind4\uc1\pard\ltrpar\lang1033\f0\fs22\lquote This volume will be useful to those looking for guidance about how to utilize GIS for submerged landscape studies\rquote Jessi Halligan, American Antiquity, Volume 85 (3), 2020\lang2057\par \par \lquote\'85a comprehensive study of GIS methods and their applicability for locating submerged landscape archaeology in south-east Alaska\'85The book contributes to broader discussions and research surrounding optimal methods to locate such sites and provides a detailed case-study to an international community of researchers with a focus on coastal human migrations and underwater archaeology\'85I thoroughly recommend this book to submerged landscape specialists as well as those interested in the application of land-use models to locate archaeological sites.\rquote\par Chelsea Wiseman, The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Volume 48.2, 2019\par \par \lquote\'85this work presents a thorough and critical analysis of a predictive model that has the potential to provide a cost-effective means to lo\-cate and investigate submerged landscapes on the northwest continental shelf of America...This book is well worth a read from both a methodological standpoint as well as providing an interesting eth\-nographic and archaeological overview. It is well presented, with high quality figures throughout. Finally, it is a timely contribution to research ad\-dressing questions of early migrations to the Americas, with great potential for future work to add a tangible submerged component to the record.\rquote Rachel Bynoe, Arch\'e4ologische Informationen, Volume 42, 2019\par \par \lquote The research methods are state of the art both in relation to predictive modelling and to underwater exploration. \'85 The book makes a significant contribution to the archaeology of SE Alaska and, more widely, to issues of international interest to do with early human colonisation and underwater exploration of the continental shelf.\rquote Peer Reviewer\par \par \lang1033\lquote This research provides new possibilities for locating unknown archaeological sites and details a methodology which could advance our archaeological understanding.\rquote Dr Simon Fitch, University of Bradford\lang2057\f1\fs17\par }

'The research methods are state of the art both in relation to predictive modelling and to underwater exploration. . The book makes a significant contribution to the archaeology of SE Alaska and, more widely, to issues of international interest to do with early human colonisation and underwater exploration of the continental shelf.' Peer Reviewer 'This research provides new possibilities for locating unknown archaeological sites and details a methodology which could advance our archaeological understanding.' Dr Simon Fitch, University of Bradford

Author Information

Kelly Monteleone completed her PhD in Anthropology at the University of New Mexico in 2013. She is currently an Adjunct Assistant Professor at the University of Calgary, in the Department of Anthropology and Archaeology. She researches submerged landscapes related to the peopling of the Americas, using computer modelling.

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