Overview

The marine environment is the largest and richest among all the environments in the biosphere. The coastal ecosystems are characterized by dynamic environmental conditions rich in biodiversity and anthropogenic activities. They have long been recognized as one of humankind's most significant natural resources. Their immensity has made them seem limitless sources of food, transport, and leisure. In addition to their traditional importance as sources of primary and secondary production and biodiversity, the importance of the oceans in global material and energy cycles is now beginning to be better appreciated. It has been estimated that the oceans contain over 35% of the planet's primary production, about 60% of the world's population lives within 60 km of the coastline and makes use of coastal properties for their livelihoods. During the last century, great concern and attention have been directed towards the impact of human activities on the coastal ecosystems, as they are greatest, and this percentage is increasing. Eighty percent of contamination to the marine condition originates from the land. One of the greatest sources is non-point source contamination, which happens because of runoff. Non-point source contamination incorporates numerous little sources, which also includes household and industrial waste discharge, which has been released as such into the environment without being treated. All these finally get accumulated into the marine ecosystem, which causes coastal pollution.

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9781805459880

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