Overview

The Mexican American woman zoot suiter, or pachuca, often wore a V-neck sweater or a long, broad-shouldered coat, a knee-length pleated skirt, fishnet stockings or bobby socks, platform heels or saddle shoes, dark lipstick, and a bouffant. Or she donned the same style of zoot suit that her male counterparts wore. With their striking attire, pachucos and pachucas represented a new generation of Mexican American youth, which arrived on the public scene in the 1940s. Yet while pachucos have often been the subject of literature, visual art, and scholarship, The Woman in the Zoot Suit is the first book focused on pachucas. Two events in wartime Los Angeles thrust young Mexican American zoot suiters into the media spotlight. In the Sleepy Lagoon incident, a man was murdered during a mass brawl in August 1942. Twenty-two young men, all but one of Mexican descent, were tried and convicted of the crime. In the Zoot Suit Riots of June 1943, white servicemen attacked young zoot suiters, particularly Mexican Americans, throughout Los Angeles. The Chicano movement of the 1960s-1980s cast these events as key moments in the political awakening of Mexican Americans and pachucos as exemplars of Chicano identity, resistance, and style. While pachucas and other Mexican American women figured in the two incidents, they were barely acknowledged in later Chicano movement narratives. Catherine S. Ramirez draws on interviews she conducted with Mexican American women who came of age in Los Angeles in the late 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s as she recovers the neglected stories of pachucas. Investigating their relative absence in scholarly and artistic works, she argues that both wartime U.S. culture and the Chicano movement rejected pachucas because they threatened traditional gender roles. Ramirez reveals how pachucas challenged dominant notions of Mexican American and Chicano identity, how feminists have reinterpreted la pachuca, and how attention to an overlooked figure can disclose much about history making, nationalism, and resistant identities.

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9780822342861

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Reviews

Ramirez's book restores pachucas to history and also provides astute analysis of the role of cultural production in emerging political formations. It is an excellent accomplishment and a superb model of truly interdisciplinary history. - Nan Enstad, American Historical Review [A] serious must-read for United States cultural historians-one of my favorites from last year. - Tenured Radical blog This unique, important book comes out swinging and packs a punch. In pithy prose Ramirez reassesses pachucas-everyday, working-class female zoot suiters, and la pachuca-iconographic, symbolic figure... With an ear for language and an eye for fashion, the author validates the legacy of once vilified women who shook up the status quo with panache, impudence, insolence, insouciance, and insubordination. - Anthony Macias, American Studies In her engaging and insightful book, Catherine Ramirez provides the first comprehensive, full-length study of the Mexican American woman zoot suiter or pachuca... Overall, Ramirez provides a masterful reading of cultural texts and their representations of pachucas... Provocative and important, Ramirez adds a highly notable contribution to race, gender, and ethnic studies scholarship. - Elizabeth R. Escobedo, Western Historical Quarterly Ramirez presents the unique history of the Mexican American Pachuca, whose situation takes into account the religious, gender, and non-U.S.-born ramifications that they inherited. Not only did they have to fight against the politics of a racist, sexist society alongside the Pachucos, but they also had to fight the misogynistic politics of their brethren from within. Ramirez presents a well documented and informative work on the Pachuca, thus helping to bring us out of our culturally-induced slumber. - Olupero R. Aiyenimelo, Feminist Review blog It's a compelling look at the politics of style and the resistance enacted when young women of color refused to be invisible to mainstream culture. - Erica Lies, Bitch Magazine In this engaging and perceptive book, Catherine S. Ramirez locates Mexican American women zoot suiters (pachucas) in wartime zoot-suit culture and the cultural politics of Chicano nationalism. This original study provides a new cultural lens for envisioning the network of social relationships, identifications, and symbolic investments gathered around the historical figure of the pachuca. -Rosa-Linda Fregoso, author of MeXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands Powerful and innovative, The Woman in the Zoot Suit will serve as a foundational text for future studies on culture, race, gender, and sexuality. Catherine S. Ramirez expertly reveals the complexities of pachuca identity, the extent of Mexican American women zoot suiters' representation in and engagement with popular culture and mainstream media, and, ultimately, the ways that these young women disrupted dominant notions of U.S., Mexican American, and Chicana/o identity, nationalism, and family. -Luis Alvarez, author of The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance during World War II [A] complicated and important text... The Woman In the Zoot Suit adds to Duke University's excellent collection of studies on clothing, identity, racism, sexuality, and women's history. As Catherine Ramirez reminds us, history is intervention. History has the power to marginalize communities - or to define them in new ways. -- Barbara Kantz Canadian Journal of History By carefully studying the intersections of race, class, gender, sexuality, and nation, Ramirez is able to critically consider the implications of the relationship between family and the nation, as these are maintained and challenged through dominant reproductions and nondominant resistances... Ramirez's text is ... broadly accessible and suitable for graduates and undergraduates. -- Adela C. Licona Feminist Formations Ramirez's book restores pachucas to history and also provides astute analysis of the role of cultural production in emerging political formations. It is an excellent accomplishment and a superb model of truly interdisciplinary history. -- Nan Enstad American Historical Review It's a compelling look at the politics of style and the resistance enacted when young women of color refused to be invisible to mainstream culture. -- Erica Lies Bitch Magazine In her engaging and insightful book, Catherine Ramirez provides the first comprehensive, full-length study of the Mexican American woman zoot suiter or pachuca... Overall, Ramirez provides a masterful reading of cultural texts and their representations of pachucas... Provocative and important, Ramirez adds a highly notable contribution to race, gender, and ethnic studies scholarship. -- Elizabeth R. Escobedo Western Historical Quarterly This engrossing, unexpectedly timely study of the politics of cultural nationalism resurrects the hidden history of la pachuca... A vital addition for those interested in American ethnic and cultural studies as well as studies of sexuality and visual culture, this book speaks forcefully to current Obama-era and post-Prop 8 debates over race, ethnicity, sexuality, patriotism and citizenship. Publishers Weekly Ramirez brings together a wide range of sources and methodological approaches to recover the images, voices, and silences of the much maligned and misunderstood pachucas. More importantly, she illuminates the larger meaning and significance of the pachucas' dress, language, and self-censorship. In so doing, she provides a model of what it means to work in multiple disciplines to create a narrative that does justice to her subjects. The book contains never-before published photos and is written in an easy-to-read style with minimal jargon. For these reasons, The Woman in the Zoot Suit will appeal to a wide audience, including scholars, feminists, students of the Chicano and Chicana movement, and the general public. -- Miroslava Chavez-Garcia Women's Review of Books The Woman in the Zoot Suit is rife with teaching moments. Ramirez kicks off the book with challenging questions about evidence and the very notion of history. She inspires a rethinking of lost stories, and how we recover them. And she leaves her audience reconsidering of the role of memory in the evolution of history, of identity, and of our own self-perceptions as readers of, and actors in, history. -- Linda L. Ivey The History Teacher This unique, important book comes out swinging and packs a punch. In pithy prose Ramirez reassesses pachucas-everyday, working-class female zoot suiters, and la pachuca-iconographic, symbolic figure... With an ear for language and an eye for fashion, the author validates the legacy of once vilified women who shook up the status quo with panache, impudence, insolence, insouciance, and insubordination. -- Anthony Macias American Studies

In this engaging and perceptive book, Catherine S. Ramirez locates Mexican American women zoot suiters (pachucas) in wartime zoot-suit culture and the cultural politics of Chicano nationalism. This original study provides a new cultural lens for envisioning the network of social relationships, identifications, and symbolic investments gathered around the historical figure of the pachuca. --Rosa-Linda Fregoso, author of MeXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands Powerful and innovative, The Woman in the Zoot Suit will serve as a foundational text for future studies on culture, race, gender, and sexuality. Catherine S. Ramirez expertly reveals the complexities of pachuca identity, the extent of Mexican American women zoot suiters' representation in and engagement with popular culture and mainstream media, and, ultimately, the ways that these young women disrupted dominant notions of U.S., Mexican American, and Chicana/o identity, nationalism, and family. --Luis Alvarez, author of The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance during World War II This engrossing, unexpectedly timely study of the politics of cultural nationalism resurrects the hidden history of la pachuca, the female counterpart to the 1940s pachuco, the zoot suit-wearing Mexican-American hipster made notorious by two consecutive wartime flashpoints... A vital addition for those interested in American ethnic and cultural studies as well as studies of sexuality and visual culture, this book speaks forcefully to current Obama-era and post-Prop 8 debates over race, ethnicity, sexuality, patriotism and citizenship. -- Publishers Weekly, 22/12/2008

""In this engaging and perceptive book, Catherine S. Ramirez locates Mexican American women zoot suiters (pachucas) in wartime zoot-suit culture and the cultural politics of Chicano nationalism. This original study provides a new cultural lens for envisioning the network of social relationships, identifications, and symbolic investments gathered around the historical figure of the pachuca.""--Rosa-Linda Fregoso, author of MeXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands ""Powerful and innovative, The Woman in the Zoot Suit will serve as a foundational text for future studies on culture, race, gender, and sexuality. Catherine S. Ramirez expertly reveals the complexities of pachuca identity, the extent of Mexican American women zoot suiters' representation in and engagement with popular culture and mainstream media, and, ultimately, the ways that these young women disrupted dominant notions of U.S., Mexican American, and Chicana/o identity, nationalism, and family.""--Luis Alvarez, author of The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance during World War II ""This engrossing, unexpectedly timely study of the politics of cultural nationalism resurrects the hidden history of la pachuca, the female counterpart to the 1940s pachuco, the zoot suit-wearing Mexican-American hipster made notorious by two consecutive wartime flashpoints... A vital addition for those interested in American ethnic and cultural studies as well as studies of sexuality and visual culture, this book speaks forcefully to current Obama-era and post-Prop 8 debates over race, ethnicity, sexuality, patriotism and citizenship."" -- Publishers Weekly, 22/12/2008 ""Ramirez's work excavates the images, silences, and voices of the young and often misunderstood zoot-suit-wearing pachucas of the 1940s and offers a redeeming and complex portrait of their legacy...Recovering the historical and symbolic significance of the pachucas takes creativity and resourcefulness, for few sources remain that speak to the experiences of young Mexican-American women in the twentieth century. Finding records of racialized and criminalized young women such as the pachucas is especially difficult...The Woman in the Zoot Suit is significant not only for its ability to draw links among gender, culture, and nationalisms but also for its contribution to Chicana, women's, and American studies. Ramirez brings together a wide range of sources and methodological approaches to recover the images, voices, and silences of the much maligned and misunderstood pachucas. More importantly, she illuminates the larger meaning and significance of the pachucas' dress, language, and self-censorship. In so doing, she provides a model of what it means to work in multiple disciplines to create a narrative that does justice to her subjects. The book contains never-before published photos and is written in an easy-to-read style with minimal jargon. For these reasons, The Woman in the Zoot will appeal to a wide audience, including scholars, feminists, students of the Chicano and Chicana movement, and the general public."" Miroslava Chavez-Garcia, Women's Review of Books, Summer 2009

Author Information

Catherine S. RamÍrez is Associate Professor of American Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz.

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