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Insight into the Essence of China's Economy: A Profound Yet Readable History of China's Economic Reform 洞悉中国经济的本质，一本深刻又好读的中国经济改革史 From a historical perspective of China's economic institutional and policy evolution, this book examines the causes, effects, and developmental trajectories of China's 40-year economic reform through thematic chapters. Throughout this exploration, a central theme emerges: the dynamic tension and shifting balance between two distinct institutional models-the rule-of-law-based market economy and the state-controlled planned economy-as well as the significant risks to China's economic and social development posed by any stagnation in market-oriented and rule-of-law-driven reforms. At the end of the 20th century, China declared the preliminary establishment of a socialist market economy. However, due to the lingering legacy of the old planned economy, the current system remains highly transitional in nature: it incorporates elements of both the new market economy and the old planned economy. This duality presents two possible paths forward-either further reforms can establish a more mature market economy, or a reinforcement of state control could lead to a regression toward the old system. Although the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012 and the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in 2013 solemnly pledged to advance market-oriented and rule-of-law-based reforms and modernize the national governance system, the decision to comprehensively deepen reforms does not imply that the debate between a market-oriented approach and a return to the planned economy model will simply vanish. The contest between these two directions persists. Therefore, drawing wisdom from historical experience remains of decisive significance to the nation's rise and development. 本书从中国经济体制和经济政策变迁的历史维度，分专题考察了40 年中国经济改革的前因后果和演化路径。其中，贯穿始终的是法治的市场经济和国家管控的统制经济这两种不同的制度模式之间此长彼消的冲突，以及市场化和法治化改革停顿会给中国经济社会发展带来的重大风险。 中国在20世纪末宣布了社会主义市场经济体制初步建立。但是，由于统制经济旧体制遗产的严重存在，现有的体制具有很强的过渡性质：它既包含新的市场经济的因素，又包含旧的统制经济的因素；既可以通过进一步的改革建立起较为完善的市场经济制度，又可能通过统制的强化，回到旧体制去。 尽管2012年的中共十八大和2013年的中共十八届三中全会对于推进市场化、法治化改革和实现国家治理体系的现代化作出了庄严承诺，但是做出全面深化改革的决定并不意味着市场经济取向与回归统制经济模式之争会就此消失。两种前途之争仍在继续。因此，从历史经验中汲取智慧，仍然对国运兴替具有决定性的意义。

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