Overview

In form each lung is somewhat conical, and possesses an apex, a base, outer and inner surfaces, and nterior, posterior, and inferior borders. The base of the lung is that part of the surface which rests upon the diaphragm. It is concave, to correspond with the convexity of the latter. The apex is rounded, and extends from an inch to an inch and a half above the first rib (the right being usually somewhat the higher). The external surface is convex, and in contact with the thoracic walL The internal surface is concave, and embraces the pericardium. The bronchi and large vessels forming the root of the lung enter this surface near the posterior border. The anterior border is thin, and intervenes between the pericardium and anterior wallof the chest. The posterior border, on the contrary, is thick and rounded, and occupies the concavity formed by the bodies of the vertebrae and the ribs. This border is much longer than the anterior. The inferior border bounds the concave base of the lung, and lies between the diaphragm and ribs. Each lung is surrounded by a pleural sac, with its potential cavity. The lung is divided into lobes by a fissure which, commencing posteriorly about three inches from the apex, passes downwards and forwards to reach the anterior border. In front this fissure is found on a level with the sixth interspace. The superior lobe of the right lung is further divided by a fissure running nearly horizontally from the anterior border to meet the fissure just described. This horizontal fissure is situated about the level of the third space....

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9781704956596

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