Overview

Th pancreas is an organ l t d n the abdomen. It l n essential r l n nv rt ng the f d we eat nt fu l for the body's ll . Th n r h tw m n fun t n n exocrine fun t n th t h l n d g t n nd n endocrine fun t n th t r gul t bl d ug r. Th pancreas an organ f th digestive t m nd endocrine t m f v rt br t . In hum n , t is l t d in the bd m n b h nd th t m h and fun t n a gl nd. Th n r h both an nd r n nd a digestive x r n fun t n. A n endocrine gl nd, it functions mostly to r gul t bl d ug r l v l , secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon, m t t t n, and pancreatic polypeptide. A a rt f th digestive system, t functions as n exocrine gl nd r t ng pancreatic ju nt the du d num through the n r t duct. Th ju nt n b rb n t , wh h neutralizes d nt r ng the du d num from the t m h; nd digestive enzymes, which br k down carbohydrates, proteins, nd fats n f d nt r ng the du d num fr m th stomach. Infl mm t n of the pancreas kn wn n r t t , with mm n causes n lud ng chronic l h l use nd g ll t n . Because f t r l in th r gul t n of bl d sugar, th n r is l a k organ n diabetes m ll tu . P n r t cancer n arise following chronic n r t t r due t th r r n , and rr a very poor prognosis, t ft n d nt f d wh n t h r d t other areas f th body. The w rd n r m from the Gr k (pan, all ) & (kre , fl h ). Th fun t n f the n r n d b t has been known n at l t 1889, with t r l in n ul n production identified n 1921. Th n r n rg n th t n humans lies n the abdomen, tr t h ng fr m b h nd th t m h to th left u r abdomen near th l n. In dult , t is about 12-15 nt m tr (4.7-5.9 in) long, lobulated, nd lm n- l ur d n r n . An t m ll , th pancreas divided nt a head, n k, b d , and t l. Th pancreas stretches fr m th nn r urv tur f th duodenum, where th h d urr und two bl d vessels: th superior m nt r rt r , nd v n. Th longest rt f th n r , th body, stretches r b h nd th t m h, nd the t l f the n r nd adjacent t th spleen. Tw du t , th main n r t duct nd a m ll r r n r t duct, run thr ugh th body f th pancreas, j n ng w th th common b l duct n r a small ballooning ll d th m ull of V t r. Surrounded by a muscle, the sphincter f Oddi, th n into the d nd ng rt f th duodenum.

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