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OverviewThe Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi, Crete (ca. 1390-1190 BC) is the only intact, complete Late Minoan necropolis presently known, of which 232 tombs have been excavated. The research project was the first large-scale genomic sampling of skeletal material from a single site in Bronze Age Greece, as well as being the first time a multi-disciplinary approach with ancient DNA as its focus has been conducted on a large, well-curated necropolis assemblage. As such it provides a unique opportunity to answer archaeological questions, the most important of which are kinship, an analysis of the origin and ancestry of those buried in the tombs, the homogeneity of the population or otherwise, and diet. The analysis programme was only possible because the tombs had not been seriously disturbed, and human skeletal remains had survived and been expertly conserved. The results of ancient DNA, stable isotope analysis, osteological analysis, and radiocarbon dating are presented, providing the first detailed record of ancestry and kinship in this iconic period of Eastern Mediterranean prehistory. In addition, the long-debated problem of the location of the wealthy city of da-*22-to, referred to many times in the Linear B tablets, is addressed and key evidence is presented. The rich finds in the Necropolis, the town excavation, and in the environs, support the interpretation that the 'city' that built the Necropolis is da-*22-to. Full Product DetailsAuthor: Yannis Tzedakis , Holley Martlew , Michael J. Tite , Robert ArnottPublisher: Oxbow Books Imprint: Oxbow Books ISBN: 9798888570463Pages: 152 Publication Date: 15 December 2023 Audience: Professional and scholarly , Professional & Vocational Format: Paperback Publisher's Status: Active Availability: Not yet available  This item is yet to be released. You can pre-order this item and we will dispatch it to you upon its release. Table of ContentsList of figures and tables Contributors The Armenoi Project Acknowledgements Conventions, abbreviations and chronology Foreword Map of site 1. The Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi: introduction Holley Martlew The discovery of the Necropolis The tombs Publication programme The scientific programme PART I: SCIENTIFIC ANALYSES 2. Food and drink: what scientific analysis of pottery revealed through organic residue analysis Holley Martlew Introduction Materials and methods Results 3. The osteological study of Tomb 159 Darlene Weston Introduction Tomb 159: its characteristics and contents Burial context and MNI Preservation Age estimation Biological sex estimation Population variability Dental health and disease Palaeopathology Osteobiography summaries Discussion and conclusions Summary 4. Multi-isotopic (C, N, S, Sr) measurements of human skeletal material Michael P. Richards Introduction Isotope analysis background Sample selection Methodology Results Discussion Conclusions 5. Bioarchaeological analyses of human and faunal skeletal remains and radiocarbon dating M. George B. Foody, Peter W. Ditchfield and Ceiridwen J. Edwards Introduction Materials and methods Dietary stable isotopes Ancient DNA Radiocarbon dating Conclusions Appendix: species identification of 13 animal bones from the Necropolis 6. The human dimension: the archaeological significance of the scientific results Holley Martlew and Yannis Tzedakis Introduction The Total Station survey Stable isotope analysis (incorporating skeletal summaries by Darlene Weston) Ancient DNA (incorporating skeletal summaries by Darlene Weston) Conclusions Appendix: catalogue (original compilation by Vicky Kolivaki) PART II: THE ‘CITY’ OF ARMENOI 7. The identification of da-*22-to Louis Godart C 979 Ce 59 V 1002 EL Z 1 8. Studies at the ‘city’ of Armenoi, the Necropolis and their environs Peter W. Ditchfield and Holley Martlew Faunal collagen carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analysis (Peter W. Ditchfield) Minerals in the environs of Armenoi (Holley Martlew) Postscript: a tribute to Andrew Giże (Holley Martlew) 9. The archaeological evidence which supports the identification of the Late Minoan III ‘city’ of Armenoi as da-*22-to Holley Martlew and Yannis Tzedakis 1. The ‘city’ of Armenoi 2. The Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi (Late Minoan IIIA:1–Late Minoan IIIB:2 ca.1390–1190 BC) 3. Contents of the tombs (with a contribution by Olga Krzyszkowska) 4. Correspondence with Linear B tablets cited as evidence by Godart 5. Unlocked secrets Appendix: catalogue (original compilation by Vicky Kolivaki) 10. Western Crete, the ‘city’ of Armenoi and the fall of Pylos Louis Godart Introduction Seals and seal impressions The frescoes of Pylos Ivories Linear B documents and their chronology Conclusions Postscript: the ‘city’ of Armenoi, da-*22-to (Yannis Tzedakis and Holley Martlew) IndexReviews"""The sophistication of the tombs and the material culture discovered at the necropolis attests to the existence during that period of centers outside Knossos and underlines the level of complexity such settlements had achieved. More importantly, it enriches our knowledge on the political and social structure of western Minoan Crete during the period before and after the decline of Knossos and the way the fall of the main political center and the Mycenaean peace that followed seem to have favoured the re-emergence of old centers.""-- ""Bryn Mawr Classical Review""" The sophistication of the tombs and the material culture discovered at the necropolis attests to the existence during that period of centers outside Knossos and underlines the level of complexity such settlements had achieved. More importantly, it enriches our knowledge on the political and social structure of western Minoan Crete during the period before and after the decline of Knossos and the way the fall of the main political center and the Mycenaean peace that followed seem to have favoured the re-emergence of old centers. -- Bryn Mawr Classical Review Author InformationDr. Yannis Tzedakis is the Director-General Emeritus of the Greek Archaeological Service, the excavator of the Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi and Co-Director of the Armenoi Project. Amongst other publications, he is co-editor of Archaeology Meets Science: Biomolecular Investigations in Bronze Age Greece (with Holley Martlew and Martin Jones, Oxbow Books, 2008). Dr. Holley Martlew is the Co-Director of the Armenoi Project and the principal behind the initiation of a project which applied state of the art scientific analysis to ceramic artefacts and skeletal material from 16 sites in Crete, the Greek mainland, other Greek islands and the island of Vivara in the Bay of Naples. The results of this project were mounted in six international exhibitions in Europe and the USA. Professor Michael J. Tite is a Fellow of Linacre College, Emeritus Professor of Archaeological Science and former Director of the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art in the University of Oxford. Tab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |
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