Overview

Patients experiencing symptoms unresponsive to conventional drug therapy are increasingly turning to complementary and alternative medicine. This trend has placed a strong focus on natural compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and omega fatty acids, which have demonstrated a spectrum of beneficial biological actions and possess reduced toxicity profiles. Given their broad pharmacological potential, these natural agents present a significant opportunity for the development of novel, safe analgesic drugs. Compelling recent studies show that natural compounds can directly modulate neuronal excitability, affecting nociceptive sensory transmission via mechanoreceptors and voltage-gated ion channels, and indirectly by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase-2 cascade. Thus, these compounds hold great promise as complementary and alternative medicine candidates for treating nociceptive and pathological pain. This review synthesizes the current understanding of how natural compounds modulate the neuronal electrical signals (generator, action, and postsynaptic potentials) within the nociceptive pathway.

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