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What are the roots of Chinese culture's singularity and self-confidence? 中国文化之特殊性与自信力，根源何在？ The Essential Meaning of Chinese Culture examines the contrasting cultural traditions and lifestyles of the Chinese and Western peoples from the perspective of group (collective) life. It then advances the significant thesis that Chinese society is an ethical-centric society. Based on an in-depth investigation of Chinese religion, the author points to a path for social reform in China: organizing society through ethics. The book is replete with a ""problem consciousness."" The question of life's meaning, which no one can avoid from youth, and the issue of national destiny confronting ancient China since the late Qing Dynasty, both led Liang Shuming to the same subject: Chinese culture. In Liang Shuming's view, Chinese culture is both the root of these two major problems and their solution; the key lies in how to understand this culture. Regarding Chinese culture itself, Liang Shuming also explores it by posing thought-provoking questions: China's knowledge, economy, and politics were none of them strong. How, then, did it achieve such a long history, vast territory, and large population, even enabling it to sustain prolonged resistance against the formidable Japanese invaders? People often say Westerners are individual-centric while Chinese are society-centric. But how does one then explain the Chinese tendency to be ""a sheet of loose sand"" or even their ""lack of public virtue""? Chinese civilization achieved brilliance so early on. Why, then, did it never develop a robust scientific system? 　《中国文化要义》从集团（集体）生活的角度对比了中国人和西方人不同的文化传统和生活方式，进而提出了中国社会是伦理本位社会的重要论断，并根据对中国宗教的深入考察，指出以伦理组织社会，进而实现中国社会改造的出路。作者还考察了中国社会的基本结构，既批判了中国文化的病诟，也揭示了中国民族精神的要旨。 　　书中充满着""问题意识""。每个人从少年起就回避不了的人生意义问题，古老中国在清末以来所遭逢的民族前途问题，都把梁漱溟引向同一个中国文化。在梁漱溟看来，中国文化既是这两大问题的根源，也是这两大问题的解答，关键在于如何来认识这种文化。 　　对中国文化本身，梁漱溟也从一些发人深省的问题入手来探讨： 　　中国的知识、经济和政治无一称强，却何以历史悠久、广土众民，以至于面对强悍日寇仍能持久抵御？ 　　人们总说西方人是个人本位、中国人是社会本位，但如何解释中国人的""一盘散沙""，甚至""缺乏公德""呢？ 　　中国文明那么早就灿烂辉煌，但何以一直没有发展出像样的科学体系？

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