Overview

In the coming decade, the focus of medicine will shift from a disease-oriented approach, where the physician prescribes according to the disease the patient has, to a personalized approach, in which the physician first considers the patient’s individual biochemistry before prescribing a treatment. Personalized medicine has the potential to improve efficacy and safety in virtually all fields of medicine. Unfortunately, few physicians feel confident in their ability to apply the principles of genetics and genomics upon which personalized medicine is based to their practice. This book is intended to help the practicing physician understand and apply the principles of genetic and genomic medicine, regardless of his/her level of background in the field. It provides a thorough foundation/review of classical genetic principles, with an emphasis on how these principles apply to personalized medicine and common complex diseases. In addition, it provides a wide-ranging review of the inroads that personalized medicine has made into several fields, including cancer, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular disease, substance abuse, Alzheimer disease, respiratory diseases, type 2 diabetes and macular degeneration. Most importantly, this book is intended to enable the practicing physician, physician assistants and their entire healthcare team to anticipate the developments that will emerge in the near future, and stay current with the field as it expands.

Full Product Details

Author:   Kevin M. Sweet ,  Ron C. Michaelis
Publisher:   Springer
Imprint:   Springer
Edition:   2011 ed.
Dimensions:   Width: 15.50cm , Height: 1.80cm , Length: 23.50cm
Weight:   0.524kg
ISBN:  

9789400711464

ISBN 10:   9400711468
Pages:   211
Publication Date:   22 April 2011
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Awaiting stock  
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Table of Contents

PREFACE. INTRODUCTION. 1 GENETIC VARIABILITY PROVIDES THE BIOCHEMICAL BASIS FOR OUR INDIVIDUALITY, INCLUDING DIFFERENCES IN OUR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MANY COMMON DISEASES. 1.1 Defining And Differentiating Between Genetics And Genomics. 1.2 The Structure Of DNA, The Variability Of The DNA Sequence And The Independent Inheritance Of Gene Alleles By Siblings. 1.3 A Review Of The Process Whereby A Gene Makes Its Protein. 1.4 A Typical Gene’s Sequence And The Level Of Activity In The Associated Protein Are As Variable As Any Other Human Biological Trait. 1.5 Risk-Increasing Alleles Have Variable Frequencies And Variable Levels Of Penetrance. 1.6 Polymorphisms In Promoter Regions And Other Non-Coding Sequences Influence The Activity Of Our Proteins. 1.7 Epigenetic Factors Also Control Gene Activity. 1.8 Common Types Of Variants In The Human DNA Sequence . 1.9 Common Multifactorial Diseases Are Genetic Disorders, Despite Their Non-Mendelian Patterns Of Inheritance. 1.10 Personalized Medicine Testing May Allow You To Better Tailor The Treatment To The Individual, And May Allow The Individual To Make Healthier Choices. 2 MAKING THE MOST OF FAMILY HISTORY INFORMATION, SINGLE GENE DISORDERS AND MENDELIAN PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE, AND WHEN TO REFER TO A GENETIC SPECIALIST. 2.1 Maximizing The Use Of Family Medical History In Disease Risk Assessment. 2.2 Single Gene Disorders. 2.3 Understanding Mendelian Patterns Of Inheritance (Single Gene Disorders). 2.4 Assessing The Risk Of Recurrence In Mendelian Pedigrees. 2.5 Carrier Frequencies For The More Common Recessive Single-Gene Disorders. 2.6 Referring To A Genetic Specialist. 2.7 New Genomic Applications For Complex Disease Will Change Approaches To Genetic Counseling and Personalized Medicine. 3 TYPES OF GENETIC TESTS AND ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTERPRETATION OF THEIR RESULTS. 3.1 Accessing Current Information On Available Genomic Medicine Tests. 3.2 Standard Format For Genetic Test Results. 3.3 Risk-Increasing Gene Alleles OftenHave Limited Penetrance. 3.4 The ACCE And EGAPP Projects Evaluate Emerging Genetic Tests. 3.5 Assessing The Usefulness Of A Genomic Test. 3.6 Even An Informative Genetic Test May Have Limited Clinical Utility. 3.7 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Are The Most Commonly Tested Polymorphisms. 3.8 There Are Many Small Deletions And Insertions In Different People's DNA. 3.9 Repeated Sequence Length Polymorphisms And Microsatellite Analysis. 3.10 Chromosome Rearrangements Can Contribute To Some Complex Disorders. 3.11 Copy Number Variation Is Surprisingly Frequent. 3.12 It Is Sometimes Necessary To Determine The Level Of Activity In Specific Genes. 3.13 Mitochondrial DNA Variants Are Also Relevant. 3.14 Many Epigenetic Factors That Influence Gene Activity Are Amenable To Testing. 3.15 Some Tests Assess Characteristics Of The Pathogen. 3.16 Cancer Analyses Often Must Include Somatic Mutations As Well As Germline Mutations. 3.17 Predictive Algorithms Must Include Both Genetic And Nongenetic Factors. 3.18 Genome-Wide Association (GWA) Studies Provide Insights Into The Mechanisms For Disease, But Their Results Are Often Not Clinically Useful. 3.19 A Brief Introduction To The Most Important Technological Advances. 4 TOWARD THE SAFER AND MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS: PHARMACOGENETICS. 4.1 Genetic Polymorphisms Affect Both The Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Many Prescription Drugs. 4.2 Improving On The Disease-Oriented Approach To Prescribing Drugs. 4.3 Limitations Of Genetic Testing. 4.4 Dose-Calculating Algorithms Must Take Genetic And Nongenetic Factors Into Account. 4.5 Epigenetic Factors Must Be Factored Into Many Algorithms As Well. 4.6 Polymorphisms In The CYP450 Genes Influence The Pharmacokinetics Of Many Commonly Prescribed Drugs.4.7 Other Functional Polymorphisms That Affect The Pharmacokinetics Of Multiple Drugs. 4.8 Polymorphisms In The Genes Encoding Beta-Adrenergic Receptors Influence The Pharmacodynamics Of Beta-Blockers. 4.9 KeepingUp To Date With FDA Approvals And The Status Of The Field. 5 TAKING A PERSONALIZED MEDICINE APPROACH TO BREAST AND COLON CANCER. 5.1 Cancer Is A Complex Genetic Disease. 5.2 Breast Cancer Gene Variants With Low Penetrance. 5.3 Further Research Will Increase Accuracy And Standardize Risk-Estimating Algorithms. 5.4 Useful Online Programs To Calculate Breast Cancer Risk. 5.5 Highly Penetrant Breast Cancer Gene Variants. 5.6 Hereditary Breast-Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. 5.7 BRCA Gene Testing. 5.8 Effects Of Possessing Risk-Increasing BRCA Alleles. 5.9 Cancer Screening and Prevention Measures For Female BRCA Variant Carriers 5.10 BRCA Mutation Positive Case Study. 5.11 Colon Cancer Gene Variants With Low Penetrance. 5.12 Highly Penetrant Colorectal Cancer Gene Variants. 5.13 Lynch Syndrome 5.14 Molecular Genomic Testing In Patients Suspected Of Having Lynch Syndrome. 5.15 Cancer Screening and Prevention Measures For LS Mutation Carriers. 5.16 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. 5.17 APC Mutation Screening In Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. 5.18 Cancer Screening and Prevention Measures For APC Mutation Carriers. 5.19 Personalizing Drug Therapy For Cancer Patients. 6 PERSONALIZING RISK ASSESSMENTS AND TREATMENTS FOR COMPLEX CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. 6.1 Cardiovascular Diseases Are Complex, Multifactorial Diseases With Highly Variable Phenotypes. 6.2 Family History And CVD Risk. 6.3 Useful Online Programs To Estimate Heart Disease Risk. 6.4 CVD-Associated Gene Variants Have Been Particularly Difficult To Identify. 6.5 Most CVD-Associated Gene Variants Have Low Penetrance. 6.6 Low-Penetrance Gene Variants That Affect Predisposing Phenotypes. 6.7 Jameer’s Story. 6.8 CVD Gene Variants With High Penetrance: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH). 6.9 Molecular Genomic Testing In Patients Suspected Of Having FH. 6.10 CVD Gene Variants With High Penetrance: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). 6.11 Therapy and Prevention Measures For HCM Mutation Carriers. 6.12 Genes Influencing The Risk For Other Cardiomyopathies. 6.13 Cardiovascular Pharmacogenomics. 7 OTHER MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDERS FOR WHICH GENETIC/GENOMIC TESTING IS PROVIDING INSIGHTS. 7.1 Age-Related Macular Degeneration. 7.2 Type 2 Diabetes. 7.3 Personalizing The Approach To Psychiatric Disorders. 7.4 Personalizing The Treatment For Substance Abuse. 7.5 Alzheimer Disease And Cognitive Decline In Aging. 7.6 Asthma And Other Respiratory Disorders. Epilogue

Reviews

This is a timely book about personalized genomic medicine. ... is essential for the physician farther out from training who may not be up to date with genetic advances made in the last decade and is also a helpful refresher for the more recent graduate. ... this book would make a great addition to a personal physician's library as a reference book. ... a great addition to a medical school or residency program library. (Laura Shaw, Family Medicine, Vol. 45 (10), November-December, 2013) The book offers the reader a bird's eye view of the broad field of genetics and genomics and its application to personalized medicine. It will prove as an enjoyable reading for both practicing physicians as well as students interested to venture into the vast and interesting field of genetics and genomics. (Ashwin Dalal, Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol. 136, July, 2012)

September 01, 2011 New Guide Aims to Ease Physicians into Using Genomics in the Clinic By Christie Rizk Physicians are busy people. Anyone who's been stuck in a doctor's waiting room while he or she sees to other patients knows just how busy some doctors can get. So maybe it's not such a surprise that many medical professionals are somewhat resistant to the idea of taking time out of their schedules to learn about genetics, genomics, and how they can incorporate fairly recent scientific discoveries into their practices. There has been much debate about how to turn genomic discoveries into clinical diagnostics and treatments, without forcing physicians to learn the science behind them from the ground up. That's where books like The Busy Physician's Guide to Genetics, Genomics, and Personalized Medicine come in. Written by Ohio State University's Kevin Sweet and Western Carolina University's Ron Michaelis, The Busy Physician's Guide aims to give doctors a background in genomic science that could get them thinking about ways to incorporate genomics into their practices. This book's strength lies in recognizing that until physicians become comfortable with - and start adopting - genomic tests and treatments into their practices, the concept of personalized medicine will be naught but a catchphrase. We truly believe that we have entered the age of genomics and personalized medicine, and ... these revolutionary advances will ultimately improve health care in all fields of medicine, Sweet and Michaelis write in their preface. We feel that we are at a time when there is lots of confusion ... regarding the benefits and limitations of the personalized medicine tests that are available today. True to their intent, the authors have written a book that provides physicians with a wide-ranging review of current clinical genomics applications, as well as of some recent research that could inform future tests and treatments. Their writing style is simple without being oversimplified. Beginning with an explanation of genomic variability, and how such variation may explain varying disease susceptibility, all the way to how to make the most of a family history, what types of genetics tests are available and how to interpret the results, Sweet and Michaelis have constructed a reference text that edifies without overwhelming. They provide physicians with places to go to read and learn more about a given topic should they choose to. For Genome Technology's December 2010/January 2011 issue, I reviewed Brandon Colby's Outsmart Your Genes, a book about medical genetics aimed at patients. At the time, I said that the book, though admirable in its intent to educate patients, became oversimplified, and that the author could have better served his intent by writing a book to get physicians thinking about using genetics in their practices. Now, The Busy Physician's Guide does just that.

8 August 2013 As genetic testing increasingly enters into the daily clinic, a short reference text meticulously explaining jargon ought to be a valuable resource for the practitioner. This short volume achieves most of the objectives such a book should aim for, with particularly good coverage of cardiology and oncology. It approaches genetics in focused, well balanced detail for clinicians. Each chapter has an abstract at the beginning and small sections that make it easy to follow through, especially for the busy clinician. The book's first few chapters set a good foundation by going systematically over the basics of genetics and genomics in a very concise way. Then it guides the clinician on ways to solicit appropriate genetic history from patients and when to request a genetic consultation. The available genetic testing for both clinical and research use is then explained. The book also covers the basics of each test, their usefulness and their limitations, all supported by clinical examples and clear illustrations. The second half of the book approaches human disease from the 'personalised medicine' viewpoint, through four large modules addressing pharmacogenetics, cancer genetics, cardiovascular risk assessment, and diabetes mellitus. This book is outstanding in guiding the clinician on how to use the new molecular technology available at a personal level, and shows how genetics is increasingly entering into medical management. Each model describes the influence of genetic variability, cancer predisposing genes, and disease predisposing genes on the choice of medication or the decision to screen for disease. Consequently the book explores these models through clinical examples. Being up to date is a moving target in this rapidly advancing field and it is to be hoped that the next edition will incorporate more recent developments. We were surprised, for example, that under 'Most important technological advances' (section 3.19), this 2011 edition makes no mention of exome sequencing, whose enormous impact on diagnostics had made itself evident by that year.1 We were also surprised to see that the explanation of penetrance (section 3.3) starts with recombination between causal variant and microsatellite marker (a trivial case, which does not even belong in the concept). The next edition will, we hope, take into account that whatever place linkage had in detecting carriers is rapidly vanishing in the exome era. We would also have wished to see a definition of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) that acknowledges the advantages of genotyping arrays over microsatellites and makes a clear distinction between germline and somatic LOH. Based on what is written, the reader might get the impression that cognitive impairment is often the result of brain specific LOH. These minor deficiencies notwithstanding, we expect that clinicians will find this book a valuable bedside reference. Reem Al Khalifah,1,2 Constantin Polychronakos1 1McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 2King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Correspondence to Dr Constantin Polychronakos, Pediatrics/Human Genetics, McGill University Health Center, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, QC, Canada H3H 1P3; constantin.polychronakos@mcgill.ca Competing interests None. Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed. To cite Al Khalifah R, Polychronakos C. J Med Genet Published Online First: [ please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101995 Accepted 8 August 2013 J Med Genet 2013;0:1. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101995 REFERENCES 1 Polychronakos C, Seng C Ku. Exome diagnostics: already a reality? J Med Genet 2011;48:579. J Med September 01, 2011 New Guide Aims to Ease Physicians into Using Genomics in the Clinic By Christie Rizk Physicians are busy people. Anyone who's been stuck in a doctor's waiting room while he or she sees to other patients knows just how busy some doctors can get. So maybe it's not such a surprise that many medical professionals are somewhat resistant to the idea of taking time out of their schedules to learn about genetics, genomics, and how they can incorporate fairly recent scientific discoveries into their practices. There has been much debate about how to turn genomic discoveries into clinical diagnostics and treatments, without forcing physicians to learn the science behind them from the ground up. That's where books like The Busy Physician's Guide to Genetics, Genomics, and Personalized Medicine come in. Written by Ohio State University's Kevin Sweet and Western Carolina University's Ron Michaelis, The Busy Physician's Guide aims to give doctors a background in genomic science that could get them thinking about ways to incorporate genomics into their practices. This book's strength lies in recognizing that until physicians become comfortable with - and start adopting - genomic tests and treatments into their practices, the concept of personalized medicine will be naught but a catchphrase. We truly believe that we have entered the age of genomics and personalized medicine, and ... these revolutionary advances will ultimately improve health care in all fields of medicine, Sweet and Michaelis write in their preface. We feel that we are at a time when there is lots of confusion ... regarding the benefits and limitations of the personalized medicine tests that are available today. True to their intent, the authors have written a book that provides physicians with a wide-ranging review of current clinical genomics applications, as well as of some recent research that could inform future tests and treatments. Their writing style is simple without being oversimplified. Beginning with an explanation of genomic variability, and how such variation may explain varying disease susceptibility, all the way to how to make the most of a family history, what types of genetics tests are available and how to interpret the results, Sweet and Michaelis have constructed a reference text that edifies without overwhelming. They provide physicians with places to go to read and learn more about a given topic should they choose to. For Genome Technology's December 2010/January 2011 issue, I reviewed Brandon Colby's Outsmart Your Genes, a book about medical genetics aimed at patients. At the time, I said that the book, though admirable in its intent to educate patients, became oversimplified, and that the author could have better served his intent by writing a book to get physicians thinking about using genetics in their practices. Now, The Busy Physician's Guide does just that.

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