Overview

This book presents a significant amount of structural, paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric data in the Central High Atlas (Morocco). The authors thoroughly described and analyzed the present-day structure of this intraplate chain through 22 of cross-sections, potential field data analysis and 3D reconstruction. In addition, the authors propose a palinspastic reconstruction of the structure of the basin at 100 Ma (i.e., post-extension and pre-compression) to finally evaluate its Mesozoic and Cenozoic geodynamic evolution. This books presents (1) a unique three-dimensional model at the chain scale, (2) an analysis of the ca. 100 Ma remagnetization, to perform palinspastic restorations of most representative structures, (3) as well as the interpretation of the magnetic fabrics in order to unravel the tectonic or deformation setting that the rocks underwent in different parts of the basin. This book is of interest to structural geologists in Northern Africa, the Mediterranean and Iberia, as well as to those interested in inverted intraplate basins and paleomagnetists from around the planet. Also, this book is intended to help students to understand better the geological evolution of the Atlas and therefore Morocco and surrounding areas.

Full Product Details

Author:   Pablo Calvín ,  Antonio M. Casas-Sainz ,  Teresa Román-Berdiel ,  Juan J. Villalaín
Publisher:   Springer International Publishing AG
Imprint:   Springer International Publishing AG
Edition:   1st ed. 2023
Weight:   1.279kg
ISBN:  

9783031166921

ISBN 10:   3031166922
Pages:   646
Publication Date:   31 January 2023
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  College/higher education ,  Professional & Vocational ,  Undergraduate
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Manufactured on demand  
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Table of Contents

Chapter 1. The geological setting of the Moroccan High Atlas and its plate tectonics context.Moussaid, B., El-Ouardi, H., Casas-Sainz A.M., Pocoví, A., Román-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C.1.1. INTRODUCTION1.2. GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING1.3. THE HIGH ATLAS IN ITS GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT: SURROUNDING GEOLOGICALUNITS1.3.1. The Sahara domain1.3.2. The Anti-Atlas1.3.3. The Meseta domain1.3.4. The Rif Chain1.4. GEOLOGICAL FRAME OF THE MOROCCAN HIGH ATLAS1.4.1. The Atlantic High Atlas1.4.2. The Marrakech High Atlas1.4.3. The Central High Atlas (CHA)1.4.4. The Eastern High Atlas1.5. GEODYNAMIC FRAME OF THE HIGH ATLAS AND EVOLUTION OF THE APWP1.6. IMPLICATIONS OF THE MAIN GEODYNAMIC EVENTS IN NORTH AFRICA IN ATLASICGEOLOGY1.6.1. Permian-Triassic stage1.6.2. First rifting event: Late Triassic to Early Jurassic1.6.3. Second rifting event: Late Liassic to Early Dogger (180Ma)1.6.4. Bajocian-Late Jurassic stage1.6.5. Early Cretaceous1.6.6. Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic inversion1.7. MAGMATIC EVENTS / HYDROTHERMALISM AND MINERALIZATION1.7.1. Triassic: the CAMP event1.7.2. Jurassic – Cretaceous event1.7.3. Cenozoic event1.7.4. Hydrothermalism and mineralization1.8. STRATIGRAPHIC FRAME OF THE CENTRAL HIGH ATLAS1.8.1. Triassic1.8.2. Jurassic1.8.3. Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous1.8.4. Lower Cretaceous1.8.5. Post-Turonian Cretaceous deposits1.8.6. Cenozoic deposits1.9. STRUCTURING OF THE MOROCCAN HIGH ATLAS1.9.1. Extensional structures1.9.2. Post-basinal, pre-inversion tectonic structures1.9.3. Alpine compressional structures1.9.4. Crustal roots for Atlasic structures: the geophysical background1.9.5. Recent evolution of the Atlas belt: topographic featuresREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 2. Structure of the Central High Atlas (Morocco). Constraints from potential field dataand 3D models.Casas-Sainz, A.M., Santolaria, P., Mochales, T., Pocoví, A., Izquierdo, E., El-Ouardi, H., Moussaid, B.,Manar, A., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C., Marcén, M., Torres-López, S., Gil-Imaz, A., Román-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Calvín, P.2.1. MAIN STRUCTURAL FEATURES2.1.1. Southern Atlas fold-and-thrust belt (Zone 1)1. Toundoute nappe (Amejgag syncline-Tisguine syncline)2. Skoura culmination: basement thrusts associated with the Toundoute nappe (Asaka Kantoulathrust and others3. Boumalne-Dadès structures4. Central thrust system (Aït Ourena-Tamayoust-Jbel Aderbat-Jbel Badoust)5. Tadighoust anticline6. Amellago recumbent fold system7. Jbel Hamdoun thrust and related structures2.1.2. Northern Atlas thrust system (Zone 2)8. West of the Middle Atlas intersection9. East of the Middle Atlas intersection2.1.3. Western sector: the large interference synclines and basement-involved folds (Demnate area,Zone 3)10. Aït-Attab syncline11. Guettioua syncline12. Iouaridène, Tizgui and Tifni synclines (and intervening anticlines)13. Jbel Til syncline14. Jbel Rat syncline15. Amezri syncline2.1.4. Central sector (1): thrusts and diapiric anticlines (La Cathédrale area, Zone 4)16. Ouaouizaght syncline17. Taguelft syncline18. M’Goun anticline (Tameksout-Timoutiguine-Aït Baha-Toumliline)19. Wagoulzat anticline20. Tabant syncline21. Jbel Azourki anticline and Zawyat Ahansal zone22. Jbel Tilicha anticline23. Jbel Tabaghast thrust24. La Cathédrale thrust25. Aït-Mazigh anticline and western prolongation of La Cathédrale thrust26. Talmest-Tazoult anticline27. Tiffouine-Tagertetouch monocline28. Talmest interference structure29. Addendoum anticline30. Tilouguit monocline2.1.5. Central sector (2): thrusts, anticlines and diapirs (Imilchil area, Zone 5)31. Tizi’n’Isly syncline and thrust32. Chekret anticline and Ikassene syncline33. Tasraft anticline34. Anergui diapir35. Tassent anticline36. Lacs syncline37. Ikkou anticline38. Tissila anticline and Ikkou syncline39. Tadaghmamt anticline40. Timedouine diapir41. Moussa diapir42. Isselfène diapir and Taltfraout anticline/diapir43. Msmrir diapir and syncline44. Toumliline anticline and diapir45. Platform (cleavage-domain) area between Timedouine and Toumliline2.1.6. Eastern sector (1): cleavage-related linear structures (Tounfite area, Zone 6)46. Jbel Amalou anticline47. Tounfite syncline48. Jbel Masker anticline49. Tirrhist gabbro and associated structures50. Almou syncline51. Jbel Adderdoum thrust52. Taribante syncline53. Jbel Tazreft thrust54. Ameksou anticline55. Assoul syncline56. Jbel Baddou thrust2.1.7. Eastern sector (2): vergence-switching ridges (Midelt-Rich area, Ziz river, Zone 7)57. Jbel Aouja (and Aït Arouz) anticline58. Sidi Hamza anticline59. Foum Tilich thrust60. Kerrando syncline61. Bou Hamid anticline/thrust62. Gourrama syncline63. Foum Zabel anticline/thrust64. Aghbarou syncline2.2. SERIATED CROSS SECTIONS2.3. INPUT FROM MODELING OF POTENTIAL FIELD DATA2.3.1. Petrophysical properties2.3.1.1 Magnetic susceptibility and density2.3.1.2 Magnetic remanence and Koenigsberger ratio2.3.2 Magnetic maps processing2.3.2.1. Reduction to Pole and Reduction to Equator2.3.2.2. Filtering: Derivatives constraints2.3.2.3. 2.5D modelling of magnetic and gravimetric anomalies2.3.3. Results2.3.3.1. Interpretation of the corrected magnetic field map of IGRF (ICMT), Reduced to Pole(ICMTRTP) and Reduced to Equator (ICMTRTE)2.3.3.2. Interpretation of the Vertical and horizontal Derivatives2.3.3.3. Bouguer anomaly2.3.4. The geophysical anomalies in their relation to geological features and evolution2.3.5. 2.5D modelling. Configuration and interpretation of magnetic and gravimetric models2.3.5.1. Profile 2, Tagoudite2.3.5.2. Profile 8, Anergui E2.3.5.3. Profile 12, Ouaouitzaght2.4. CONTRIBUTIONS OF 3-D RECONSTRUCTIONS TO THE GEOMETRY OF THE CENTRALHIGH ATLAS2.4.1. Methods and workflow2.4.1.1 Defining the model area and resolution2.4.1.2. Modelled stratigraphic pile2.4.1.3. Input data and data compilation in a 3D environment2.4.1.4. Verifying cross-sections in a 3D environment2.4.1.5. Computing the model1. Major bounding thrust2. Faults3. Diapirs4. Diapir-fault systems5. Compiling structural surfaces6. Stratigraphic horizons2.4.2. 3D structural model of the Central High Atlas2.4.2.1. Southern Atlas fold-and-thrust belt (Zone 1)2.4.2.2. Northern Atlas thrust system (Zone 2)2.4.2.3. Western sector: the large interference synclines and basement-involved folds (Demnatearea, Zone 3)2.4.2.4. Central sector (1): thrusts and diapiric anticlines (La Cathédrale area, Zone 4)2.4.2.5. Central sector (2): thrusts, anticlines and diapirs (Imilchil area, Zone 5)2.4.2.6. Eastern sector (1): cleavage-related linear structures (Tounfite area, Zone 6)2.4.2.7. Eastern sector (2): vergence-switching ridges (Midelt-Rich area, Ziz river, Zone 7)2.4.3. Potential and limitations of the 3D modelREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 3. Magnetic properties of the remagnetized carbonates of the Central High Atlas(Morocco).Calvín, P., Bógalo, M.F., Villalaín, J.J., Román-Berdiel, T., Falcón, I., Torres-López, S., Mochales, T.,Herrejón, A.3.1 METHODOLOGY3.2 GENERAL MAGNETIC FRACTION IN THE ATLASIC ROCKS3.2.1. Carbonates3.2.2. Red beds3.3 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MAGNETITE-BEARING REMAGNETIZED CARBONATES3.3.1. SP versus SSD grain size3.3.2. ARM vs IRM experiment3.3.3. Coercivity spectra3.3.4 Discussion and summary3.4 CARRIERS OF THE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY3.4.1. Magnetic susceptibility of carbonates3.4.2. Magnetic susceptibility of red-bedsREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 4. Paleomagnetism of the Central High Atlas. The widespread CretaceousRemagnetization and structural implications.Villalaín, J.J., Calvín, P., Falcón, I., Torres-López, S., Bógalo, M.F., Moussaid, B., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C.,Sánchez, E.4.1. MATERIALS, SAMPLING STRATEGY AND METHODS4.2. NATURAL REMANENT MAGNETIZATION OF MESOZOIC HIGH ATLAS ROCKS4.3. DIRECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTIC REMANENT MAGNETIZATION4.4. AGE OF THE HIGH ATLAS REMAGNETIZATION4.5. SPREADING OF THE HIGH ATLAS REMAGNETIZATION4.6. RESTORATION OF THE PALEOMAGNETIC DIRECTIONS. PALEO-DIPS AT THEREMAGNETIZATION TIME (100 Ma)4.7. CONCLUSIONSREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 5. Geodynamic evolution during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the Central High Atlas ofMorocco from Anisotropy of Magnetic SusceptibilityRomán-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Casas-Sainz, A., Calvín, P., Moussaid, B., Soto, R., Marcén, M., ElOuardi, H., Pocoví, A., Gil-Imaz, A.5.1. SAMPLING AND METHODOLOGY5.2. MAGNETIC FABRIC (RT-AMS) RESULTS5.2.1. Global RT-AMS results5.2.2. RT-AMS by zones and types5.3. MAGNETIC SUBFABRICS (LT-AMS AND AARM) AND PETROFABRICS5.3.1. Scalar parameters5.3.2. Orientation distribution of grains, the information of the magnetic subfabrics (LT-, RT-AMSand AARM)5.3.3. Comparison with petrofabrics5.4. STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE MAGNETIC FABRICS / TECTONICIMPLICATIONS OF THE MAGNETIC FABRIC ORIENTATION5.4.1. Strain characterization from magnetic fabrics in the Central High Atlas5.4.2. Timing of acquisition of AMS: Information derived from magnetic subfabrics separation5.5. CONCLUSIONSREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 6. Kinematics of structures and basin evolution in the Central High Atlas. Constraintsfrom AMS and paleomagnetic dataCasas-Sainz, A., Villalaín, J.J., Román-Berdiel, T., Calvín, P., Marcén, M., Izquierdo, E., Santolaria, P.,Pocoví, A., Mochales, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., El-Ouardi, H., Moussaid, B.6.1. PALEODIPS AND FOLD TEST. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS6.2. ORIGIN OF INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURES ACCORDING TO PALEOMAGNETISM ANDMAGNETIC FABRIC DATA.6.3. RESTORED CROSS SECTION6.4. SIGNIFICANCE AND MEANING OF MAJOR STRUCTURES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHATLAS FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF MAGNETIC TECHNICS6.4.1. Deformation of the Paleozoic basement6.4.2. The asymmetry of the chain: compressional features of the southern Atlas fold-and-thrust-belt6.4.3. Compressional features of the northern belt6.4.4. Diapirism, magmatism and thrusting in the Central High Atlas6.4.5. Geophysical constraints to large-scale structural features6.4.6. Internal deformation: the cleavage domain6.4.7. Geometry of the overall extension and inversion of the Atlasic basin6.5. CONCLUSIONS. THE CONTRIBUTION OF MAGNETIC TECHNIQUES TO THEEVOLUTION OF THE CENTRAL HIGH ATLAS6.5.1. Paleomagnetism and AMS applied to the study of the CHA6.5.2. The intermediate stage in basin evolution6.5.3. Basin geometry: transtension vs. salt tectonics?6.5.4. Final considerations: comparison with other basins of the Thetys domain6.5.5. Concluding remarksREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONS

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Author Information

Dr. Pablo Calvín is currently a post-doctoral researcher at the IGME-CSIC research center (Spain). His work is focused on the study of remagnetizations and their kinematics both in intraplate basins (Iberia and North Africa) and in fold and thrust belts (Pyrenees), a research line that began during his Ph.D. at the University of Burgos (2014-2018), and he has combined with geophysical prospecting (magnetic and gravimetric surveys) and structural and tectonic studies.  Prof. Dr. Antonio. M. Casas Sainz is a teacher/researcher at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Zaragoza. He has worked extensively on paleostresses, regional geology, basin analysis and basin inversion in the Iberian Chain and the Pyrenees, geometrical and analog modeling, and also in geophysical prospecting of the shallow subsurface and analysis of geological risks linked to large dams and seismicity.  Prof. Dr. Teresa Román Berdiel is a teacher and a researcher at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Zaragoza. She leads since 2006 one of the pioneering teams working in Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) in Spain. Her work is focused in the application of analog modeling and magnetic fabrics to the understanding of different geological processes, from the emplacement of granitic bodies in the upper crust to the geodynamic evolution of intraplate basins.  Prof. Dr. Juan J. Villalaín is currently a teacher and a researcher at the Department of Physics of the Universidad de Burgos (UBU) and responsible for the Paleomagnetic Group and the Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Rock Magnetism of the UBU. His work is focused on the application of paleomagnetism and magnetism to solve different geological (magnetostratigraphy, tectonics) and archeological problems. His main interest is focused on the study of widespread remagnetizations and their application to perform palinspastic reconstructions of intraplate basins.

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