Overview

SUSTAINABLE FISHERY SYSTEMS An up-to-date and interdisciplinary guide to sustainable fisheries Fisheries, whether small-scale or large-scale, are filled with complexity and uncertainty. Making the right decisions to successfully manage fisheries for sustainability and resilience requires a systems approach — including both natural and human elements, and their many interactions. To understand fisheries, and how they change over time, a diverse range of fishery knowledge must be brought together. Sustainable Fishery Systems, 2nd edition meets these needs. The new edition provides essential information that can be readily applied within government, community, industrial, academic and research settings. Sustainable Fishery Systems, 2nd edition retains the first edition’s emphasis on themes such as sustainability, resilience, uncertainty, complexity, and conflict, and expands its treatment of topics that have, since the first edition’s publication, become crucial to consider in the field of fisheries. As a result, readers will find: Updated and expanded coverage of topics including coastal conservation, ecosystem-based management, co-management, community-based management, and more New chapters covering connections between fisheries and marine protected areas, biodiversity conservation, climate and fisheries, and multi-sectoral management A more detailed introduction to the “systems” perspective of fisheries, reflecting the substantial growth in that subject’s importance, and covering in detail the natural, human and governance aspects of fisheries. Sustainable Fishery Systems, 2nd edition is an indispensable interdisciplinary resource for educators, researchers, government agencies, and fisheries managers.

Full Product Details

Author:   Anthony Charles (Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada)
Publisher:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Imprint:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Edition:   2nd edition
Dimensions:   Width: 17.00cm , Height: 4.30cm , Length: 24.40cm
Weight:   1.219kg
ISBN:  

9781119511793

ISBN 10:   1119511798
Pages:   672
Publication Date:   27 July 2023
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

Preface and Guide to the Book xv Acknowledgements xviii Part I Fishery Systems 1 1 Introducing Fishery Systems 3 1.1 Sustainability and Resilience 3 1.2 Rationale for a Systems Approach 6 1.3 Fishery Systems as Social-Ecological Systems 7 1.4 Depicting Fishery Systems 10 1.4.1 Fishing Effort 10 1.4.2 Adding Dynamics 11 1.4.3 Adding Complexity 12 1.4.4 The Fishery System 13 1.4.5 Alternatives 14 1.5 Characterising Fishery Systems 18 1.5.1 Small-Scale Versus Large-Scale Fishery Systems 18 1.5.2 Spatial Scale and Time Scale 21 1.5.2.1 Spatial Scales 21 1.5.2.2 Time Scales 22 1.5.3 Other Approaches to Characterising Fishery Systems 23 1.6 Complexity 24 1.7 Next Steps 25 2 The Natural System: The Fish 27 2.1 What Is Caught in Fishery Systems? 28 2.1.1 Fishes 30 2.1.1.1 Inland (Freshwater) Fish 31 2.1.1.2 Pelagic Marine Fish 31 2.1.1.3 Demersal Marine Fish 32 2.1.2 Shellfish 33 2.1.3 Characteristics 37 2.2 Spatial Distribution of Fished Resources 38 2.3 Fish Dynamics 41 2.3.1 Single-Species Dynamics 41 2.3.2 Multi-Species Dynamics 45 3 The Natural System: Fishery Ecosystems 48 3.1 Ecosystems 48 3.1.1 Aquatic/Fishery Ecosystems 50 3.1.2 A Typology of Fishery Ecosystems 52 3.2 Biodiversity 55 3.3 The Physical–Chemical Environment 58 3.3.1 The Winds 58 3.3.2 Ocean Currents 59 3.3.3 Upwellings 61 3.3.4 Other Relatively Localised Phenomena 61 3.3.5 Physical Features 62 3.4 Dynamics of Fishery Ecosystems and the Biophysical Environment 62 4 The Human System: Fishers and Fishworkers 65 4.1 Fishers and Fishworkers 65 4.1.1 A Typology of Fishers 66 4.1.2 Women in Fishing 70 4.1.3 Fishworkers in the Post-Harvest Sector 73 4.1.4 Fisher Organisations 73 4.2 Fishing Methods 75 4.2.1 A Typology of Fishing Methods 75 4.2.1.1 Seines/Encircling Gear 77 4.2.1.2 Trawls and Other Towed/Dragged Gear 77 4.2.1.3 Gill Nets and Entangling Nets: Drift and Static Gear 77 4.2.1.4 Traps and Pots 78 4.2.1.5 Lines 78 4.2.1.6 Other Methods 78 4.2.2 The Choice of Fishing Method 79 4.2.2.1 Biological 80 4.2.2.2 Economic 80 4.2.2.3 Social and Governance 80 4.3 Fisher and Fleet Dynamics 80 4.3.1 Dynamics of Fishing Effort 81 4.3.2 Capital Dynamics and Fishing Capacity 83 4.3.3 Technological Dynamics 85 4.3.4 Fleet Dynamics 86 5 The Human System: Post-Harvest Aspects and Fishing Communities 89 5.1 The Post-Harvest Sector of the Fishery 89 5.1.1 Processing 92 5.1.2 Marketing and Markets 95 5.1.2.1 Marketing 95 5.1.2.2 Markets 96 5.1.3 Distribution and Trade 98 5.1.3.1 Distribution 98 5.1.3.2 Trade 98 5.1.4 Consumers 99 5.1.4.1 Consumer Preferences 99 5.1.4.2 Consumer Demand 100 5.1.5 Food Security 101 5.2 Fishing Households and Communities 102 5.2.1 Households 102 5.2.2 Communities 105 5.3 The Socioeconomic Environment 108 5.3.1 Links of Fishery Systems and Their Socioeconomic Environment 108 5.3.2 Labour 108 5.3.2.1 Labour Mobility 109 5.3.2.2 Effects on the Fishery 110 5.4 Post-Harvest and Fishing Community Dynamics 111 5.4.1 Dynamics of Markets and Consumer Demand 111 5.4.2 Dynamics of Communities and the Socioeconomic Environment 112 Part II The Fishery Governance and Management System 115 6 Fishery Governance 117 6.1 Rationale for Governance and Management 117 6.1.1 Open Access 118 6.1.2 The Need for Management 118 6.1.3 The Need for Participatory Management 119 6.2 Governance and Management 123 6.3 Fishery Values and Objectives 125 6.3.1 A Portfolio of Fishery Objectives 127 6.3.2 Objectives, Priorities, and Conflict 129 6.4 Fishery Management Institutions 131 6.4.1 Types and Roles of Institutions 131 6.4.2 The Choice of Institutions 132 6.4.3 Examples of Institutions 132 6.5 Governance of International Fisheries 137 6.6 Legal Framework 138 6.6.1 Legal Pluralism 139 6.7 Dynamics of Fishery Governance 140 7 Fishery Management 142 7.1 Time Scales of Management 143 7.2 Spatial Scales of Management 143 7.2.1 International Coordination 145 7.2.2 Decentralisation/Devolution 145 7.3 Appropriate Fishing Effort and Catch Levels 147 7.3.1 The Yield-Effort Curve 147 7.3.2 The Gordon–Schaefer Graph 149 7.3.3 Fishery Objectives Influence the Choice of Effort Levels 150 7.4 Developing a Portfolio of Fishery Management Measures 153 7.5 Implementation at the Operational Level 154 7.6 Fishery Enforcement 156 7.7 A Survey of Fishery Management Measures 157 7.7.1 Input (Effort) Controls 158 7.7.1.1 Limited Entry 158 7.7.1.2 Limiting the Capacity per Fisher or per Vessel 158 7.7.1.3 Limiting the Intensity of Operation 158 7.7.1.4 Limiting Time Fishing 158 7.7.1.5 Limiting the Location of Fishing 159 7.7.1.6 Challenges with Input Controls 160 7.7.2 Output (Catch) Controls 160 7.7.2.1 Total Allowable Catch 161 7.7.2.2 Individual Quotas 162 7.7.2.3 Community Quotas 162 7.7.2.4 Escapement Controls 163 7.7.2.5 Challenges with Output Controls 163 7.7.3 Technical Measures 164 7.7.3.1 Gear Restrictions 165 7.7.3.2 Size Limits 166 7.7.3.3 Closed Areas 166 7.7.3.4 Closed Seasons 167 7.7.4 Ecologically Based Management 168 7.7.4.1 Taxes and Royalties 169 7.7.5 Subsidies 170 7.8 Dynamics of Fishery Management 172 8 Fishery Development 174 8.1 Rationale for Fishery Development 174 8.2 Objectives of Fishery Development 175 8.3 Strategic Choices in Fishery Development 178 8.3.1 New Fisheries 178 8.3.2 Existing Fisheries 179 8.3.3 Integrated Development 180 8.4 Targeting Fishery Development 181 8.4.1 Needs Assessment 181 8.4.2 Positive Signs 181 8.4.3 Other Considerations 182 8.5 Options for Fishery Development 183 8.5.1 Direct Support to Fishing Activities 183 8.5.2 Institutional Enhancement 183 8.5.3 Training and Human Resource Development 183 8.5.4 Economics and Planning 184 8.5.5 Scientific, Assessment, Statistical, and Information Support 184 8.5.6 Fisheries Management and Monitoring/Control/Surveillance 184 8.5.7 Post-Harvest Support 185 8.6 Participatory Fishery Development 185 9 Fishery Knowledge 187 9.1 The Nature of Fishery Knowledge 188 9.2 The Knowledge of Indigenous Peoples, Fishers, and Communities 189 9.2.1 Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) 190 9.2.2 Indigenous Knowledge 190 9.2.3 Fisher Knowledge and Local Knowledge 192 9.3 Connecting Fisher/Local/Indigenous Knowledge with Fishery Science/ Research 195 9.4 Knowledge Within Institutions 198 9.4.1 Governments 198 9.4.2 International Agencies 199 9.4.3 Universities 199 9.4.4 Private Sector and Nongovernmental Organisations (NGOs) 200 9.5 Fishery Knowledge: The Natural System 200 9.5.1 Stock Assessment 201 9.5.1.1 Stock Assessment Process 201 9.5.1.2 Evolution of Stock Assessment: Single Species and Multi-Species 202 9.6 Fishery Knowledge: The Human System 205 9.7 The Nature of Knowledge Production 208 9.7.1 Disciplinary Knowledge 208 9.7.2 Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary, Transdisciplinary Approaches 209 9.7.2.1 Multidisciplinary 209 9.7.2.2 Interdisciplinary 209 9.7.2.3 Transdisciplinary 209 9.7.3 Pure (Basic) and Applied (Targeted) Knowledge 211 9.8 The Structure of Knowledge Production 211 9.8.1 Organized by Species 211 9.8.2 Organized by Function 212 9.8.3 Organized on a Geographical/Ecosystem Basis 213 9.9 Dynamics of Fishery Knowledge 213 Part III Three Major Challenges in Fishery Systems 215 10 Uncertainty in Fishery Systems 217 10.1 Sources of Uncertainty in Fishery Systems 218 10.1.1 Sources in the Natural System 218 10.1.2 Sources in the Human System 218 10.2 A Typology of Uncertainty 219 10.2.1 Introduction: The Stock–Recruitment Relationship 219 10.2.2 Randomness 220 10.2.3 Uncertainties in Data and Parameters 221 10.2.4 Structural Uncertainty 222 10.3 Linking Uncertainty and Dynamics 224 11 Conflict in Fishery Systems 227 11.1 Conflict over Priorities: Fishery Paradigms 229 11.1.1 The Conservation Paradigm 230 11.1.2 The Rationalisation Paradigm 230 11.1.3 The Social/Community Paradigm 231 11.1.4 Fishery Paradigms in Practice: Efficiency and Allocation 232 11.2 A Typology of Fishery Conflicts 234 11.2.1 Fishery Jurisdiction 235 11.2.2 Management Mechanisms 236 11.2.3 Internal Allocation 236 11.2.4 External Allocation Conflicts 237 11.2.4.1 Domestic Versus Foreign Fisheries 237 11.2.4.2 Fishers Versus Fish Farming (Aquaculture) 238 11.2.4.3 The Fishery Versus Competing Industries 239 12 Attitudes (The Story of a Fishery Collapse) 242 12.1 The Cod Collapse Experience 242 12.1.1 The Collapse 242 12.1.2 The Aftermath 243 12.1.3 Understanding the Collapse 244 12.1.4 Recovery? 245 12.1.5 The Future 246 12.2 Attitudes Underlying the Cod Collapse 246 12.2.1 The Role of the Regulator 247 12.2.2 Blame for the Collapse 248 12.2.3 The Burden of Proof 250 12.2.3.1 Stock Assessment 250 12.2.3.2 Fishing Gear 251 12.2.4 Conservation Can Wait 252 12.2.5 The Illusion of Certainty and the Fallacy of Controllability 254 12.2.6 Synthesis on Fishery Attitudes 256 Part IV Modern Strategies for Fishery Systems 259 13 Sustainability and Resilience 261 13.1 Sustainability 262 13.2 Resilience 265 13.3 The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 268 13.4 Components of Sustainability and Resilience 268 13.5 Sustainability and Resilience of Institutions 273 13.5.1 Institutional Sustainability 273 13.5.2 Institutional Resilience 274 13.5.3 Institutional Effectiveness 275 13.6 Sustainability and Resilience within the Fishery System 277 13.6.1 Biodiversity 278 13.6.2 Fishing Fleets, Capacity, and Subsidies 279 13.6.3 Efficiency 282 13.6.4 Livelihood Diversity 283 13.6.4.1 Encourage Multi-Species Fisheries 284 13.6.4.2 Encourage Multiple Sources of Livelihood for Fishers 284 13.6.4.3 Diversify (Broaden the Base of) the Fishery-Dependent Economy 284 13.6.5 Post-Harvest and Fishing Communities 285 13.6.6 Fishery Objectives and Principles 285 13.6.7 Managing Conflict 286 13.7 Assessing Sustainability and Resilience in Fishery Systems 287 13.7.1 Sustainability Indicators 288 13.7.2 Resilience Assessment and Indicators 294 13.7.3 Developing a Framework of Indicators 296 14 Adaptive, Robust, and Precautionary Management 298 14.1 Uncertainty and Risk 298 14.2 Risk Assessment 299 14.3 Risk Management: Analytical Approaches 300 14.4 Adaptive Management and Robust Management 303 14.4.1 Adaptive Management 303 14.4.1.1 Flexibility 304 14.4.1.2 Adaptive Management Concepts and Methods 305 14.4.2 Structural Uncertainty and Robust Management 306 14.5 Moving to Robust, Adaptive Management 307 14.5.1 Avoiding the Illusion of Certainty 307 14.5.2 Avoiding the Fallacy of Controllability 308 14.5.3 Avoiding Lack of Robustness (Using a Management Portfolio) 309 14.6 The Precautionary Approach and the Burden of Proof 313 14.6.1 Approach Versus Principle 314 14.6.2 Implementing the Precautionary Approach 315 14.6.3 The Burden of Proof 316 14.6.4 Possible Applications of the Precautionary Approach and the Burden of Proof 316 14.6.4.1 The Stock–Recruitment Relationship 317 14.6.4.2 Over-Fishing Versus the Environment 317 14.6.4.3 Habitat Protection 318 15 The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries 321 15.1 Rationale for an Ecosystem Approach 321 15.2 History of an Ecosystem Approach 322 15.3 Scope of an Ecosystem Approach 325 15.4 The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) 328 15.5 Implementing EAF 330 15.5.1 Principles 331 15.5.2 Entry Points 332 15.5.3 Resources for Implementation 333 15.6 Implementing EAF: Human Dimensions 334 15.6.1 Components of Human Dimensions 335 15.6.1.1 Social 335 15.6.1.2 Cultural 336 15.6.1.3 Economic 336 15.6.1.4 Political 336 15.6.1.5 Legal and Institutional 336 15.6.2 Human Dimensions Across Scales 337 16 Rights-Based Approaches to Fisheries Management 341 16.1 The Rationale for Fishery Rights 341 16.2 Use Rights 342 16.3 Management Rights 345 16.4 Use Rights and Management Rights in Context 346 16.5 Rights Versus Ownership 350 16.6 The Commons 351 16.7 Human Rights 353 16.8 Practicalities of Use Rights 358 16.9 Forms of Use Rights 359 16.9.1 Customary Tenure/Territorial Use Rights in Fishing (TURFs) 359 16.9.2 Limited Entry 363 16.9.3 Effort (Input) Rights 364 16.9.4 Catch (Output) Quotas 366 16.9.4.1 Individual Quotas and ITQs 367 16.9.4.2 Concerns with ITQs 369 16.9.4.3 Community Quotas 370 16.9.5 Community-Based Use Rights 371 16.10 Use Rights Issues: Initial Allocation 374 16.11 Use Rights Issues: Transferability 375 16.11.1 Efficiency 376 16.11.2 Social Cohesion 377 16.11.3 Concentration of Rights 377 16.12 Choosing a Use Rights System 379 17 Co-management and Community-Based Management 382 17.1 Fishery Co-management 382 17.1.1 Who Is Involved in Co-management? 383 17.1.2 Goals of Co-management 386 17.1.3 Forms of Co-management 386 17.1.3.1 Fisher–Government Co-management 387 17.1.3.2 Community-Based Co-management 388 17.1.3.3 Multi-Stakeholder Co-management 391 17.1.4 Levels of Co-management 393 17.1.5 Co-management and Components of Fishery Management 395 17.1.6 Discussion 397 17.2 Community-Based Fishery Management 397 17.2.1 What Is Community-Based Fishery Management? 398 17.2.2 Rationale for Community-Based Fishery Management 399 17.2.3 What Is Involved in Community-Based Fishery Management? 400 17.2.4 Experiences with Community-Based Fishery Management 401 17.2.5 Community-Based Conservation 403 17.2.6 Community Science 406 17.2.7 Factors of Success in Community-Based Fishery Management 407 Part V Fisheries and the Bigger Picture 411 18 Fisheries and Marine Protected Areas 413 18.1 Fishery Closed Areas 413 18.2 Nongovernmental (Informal) Protected Areas 414 18.3 Marine Protected Areas and OECMs 415 18.4 International Agreements 417 18.5 Types of MPAs and OECMs 418 18.5.1 No-Take MPAs 419 18.5.2 Zoned MPAs 419 18.5.3 Local/Community MPAs 421 18.5.4 Large-Scale MPAs 422 18.5.5 MPA Networks 422 18.6 Design of MPAs 423 18.7 Fishery Benefits and Costs of MPAs and OECMs 424 18.7.1 Examples of Possible Benefits of MPAs 425 18.7.2 Examples of Possible Costs of MPAs 425 18.8 Interactions of MPAs and OECMs with Fisheries 426 18.8.1 Objectives 427 18.8.2 Policy Linkages 428 18.8.3 Governance 428 18.8.4 Rights 429 18.8.5 Participation and Co-management 429 18.8.6 Community-Based Approaches 431 18.8.7 Knowledge 432 18.8.8 Livelihoods 432 18.9 MPAs as a Fisheries Management Tool 433 19 Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 437 19.1 Introduction 437 19.2 A Brief History of Biodiversity Conservation in a Fishery Context 437 19.3 Fisheries and Endangered Species 439 19.3.1 Bycatch 440 19.3.2 Turtles 441 19.3.3 Marine Mammals 442 19.3.3.1 Baleen Whales 442 19.3.3.2 Dolphins 443 19.3.3.3 Seals 444 19.3.4 Seahorses 444 19.4 Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 445 19.4.1 The Fisheries ‘Stream’ and the Biodiversity Conservation ‘Stream’ 446 19.4.2 Tensions Between the Fisheries and Biodiversity Streams 447 19.4.3 Common Ground of Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 448 19.5 Opportunities Across Scales for Linking Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 449 19.5.1 Global 449 19.5.2 Regional 451 19.5.3 National 451 19.5.4 Local 452 19.6 Incentives and Opportunities 453 19.7 CBD and IPBES 454 20 Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 456 20.1 Fisheries, Competing Uses and the Need for Management of Multiple Sectors 456 20.2 Integrated Management 459 20.3 Marine Spatial Planning 462 20.4 Ocean Zoning 464 20.5 Blue Economy 466 20.6 Some Common Features of Multi-Sectoral Approaches 467 20.6.1 Rationale 467 20.6.2 Institutional Framework 467 20.6.3 Spatial Delimitation 468 20.6.4 Scale 468 20.7 Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 468 20.7.1 Benefits of Linking Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 468 20.7.1.1 Dealing with Externalities 469 20.7.1.2 Highlighting the Fishery Voice 469 20.7.1.3 Spatial Management 469 20.7.2 Concerns in Fisheries about Multi-Sectoral Management 470 20.7.2.1 Access and Power 470 20.7.2.2 Funding 470 20.7.2.3 Time Constraints 470 20.7.2.4 Dilution 471 20.7.2.5 Environmental Concerns 471 20.7.3 Linking Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 473 20.7.3.1 Objectives 473 20.7.3.2 Values 473 20.7.3.3 Boundaries 474 20.7.3.4 Spatial and Organisational Scale 475 20.7.3.5 Institutions 477 20.7.3.6 Human Angles and Participatory Approaches 477 20.7.3.7 Benefits and Costs 478 20.7.3.8 Knowledge 479 21 Fisheries and Climate Change 481 21.1 Impacts of Climate Change 481 21.1.1 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Impacts of Climate Change 482 21.1.2 Effects of Climate Change on Human Dimensions of the Fishery System 482 21.1.3 Differential Impacts of Climate Change 485 21.2 Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity 486 21.3 Responses to Climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation 487 21.4 Responses to Climate Change: Mitigation 489 21.5 Responses to Climate Change: Adaptation 490 21.5.1 Types of Adaptation 492 21.5.2 Community-Based Adaptation 494 21.5.3 Differential Impacts and Benefits of Climate Adaptation 496 21.5.4 Adaptation of Fishery Management and Governance to Climate Change 498 21.5.5 Making Management and Governance more Adaptive, Flexible, and Robust 500 Part VI Conclusions 503 22 Sustaining Fisheries into the Future 505 22.1 A Review of Fishery Systems 505 22.2 A Review of Fishery Sustainability and Resilience 506 22.3 Making Fishery Governance and Management Effective 507 22.3.1 Institutions 507 22.3.2 Robust, Adaptive, and Precautionary Management 508 22.3.3 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries 509 22.3.4 Rights 509 22.3.5 Co-management 510 22.3.6 Community-Based Management 510 22.4 The Bigger Picture Around the Fishery System 511 22.4.1 Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 511 22.4.2 Fisheries, MPAs, and OECMs 512 22.4.3 Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 512 22.4.4 Fisheries and Climate Change 513 22.5 A Closing Note 514 Appendix A Atlantic Canada’s Groundfish Fishery System 516 Appendix B Models of Fishery Systems 524 Appendix C Developing a Framework of Fishery Indicators 538 References 547 Index 630

Reviews

Author Information

Anthony Charles, PhD, is Director of the School of the Environment and Professor in the Sobey School of Business at Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Canada.

Tab Content 6

Author Website:  

Customer Reviews

Recent Reviews

No review item found!

Add your own review!

Countries Available

All regions