Overview

Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae is considered the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Pneumococcal diseases begin with the colonisation of S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx and can progress to invasive disease if natural barriers are breached. In recent decades, the increase in the number of S. pneumoniae strains resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and other classes of antimicrobials has made the treatment of pneumococcal infection difficult. Of 215 children attending daycare centres, S. pneumoniae was isolated in 152 (71%). The MICs of 137 isolates from carriers showed a resistance rate of 71% for penicillin and 21% for ceftriaxone. Of the 52 invasive isolates, 42% were resistant to penicillin and 13.5% to ceftriaxone. The most common serotypes of systemic isolates were 19F (12%), 14, 3, 6A (8% each), 4, 18C and 9V (6% each), with estimated coverage of 31.8% for both the 7-valent and 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

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