Overview

"THE ONLY AUTHORITATIVE, COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO VSPHERE STORAGE IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT   Effective VMware virtualization storage planning and management has become crucial–but it can be extremely complex. Now, the leading VMware expert on storage completely demystifies the ""black box"" of vSphere storage and provides illustrated, step-by-step procedures for performing every key task associated with it. You’ll gain the deep understanding you need to make better storage decisions, solve problems, and keep problems from occurring in the first place.   Mostafa Khalil presents techniques based on years of personal experience helping customers troubleshoot storage in their vSphere production environments. With more experience than anyone else in the field, he combines expert guidelines, insights for better architectural design, best practices for both planning and management, common configuration details, and deep dives into both vSphere and third-party storage.   Storage Implementation in vSphere® 5.0 fully explains each storage connectivity choice and protocol supported by VMware, introduces Pluggable Storage Architecture (PSA), and shows how to build on PSA with multipathing, failover, and ALUA. It thoroughly introduces Storage Virtualization Devices (SVDs) and VMDirectPath I/O, and shows how to drive powerful improvements in performance, flexibility, and manageability with VMFS 5 and VAAI.   COVERAGE INCLUDES   Understanding how FC, FCoE, and iSCSI interact with VMware vSphere 5 Implementing specific VMware capabilities on storage hardware from each leading vendor Avoiding, recognizing, and fixing misconfigurations and other problems Using third-party MPIO plug-ins certified with vSphere 5 and PSA Maximizing availability through multipathing and failover Implementing fixed and round-robin multipathing on arrays with ALUA support Monitoring and optimizing virtual storage performance Managing vSphere-compatible file systems: VMFS and NFS Taking full advantage of VMDirectPath I/O Implementing heterogeneous storage configurations Presenting abstracted storage through virtual disks and Raw Device Mappings (RDMs) Using VMFS 5 to simplify management and improve scalability in large-scale environments Sharing storage and migrating more easily across multiple VMware vSphere instances Optimizing storage performance with VAAI-compliant devices Mostafa Khalil, Senior Staff Engineer with VMware Global Support Services, specializes in storage integration for virtual environments. He has worked for VMware for 13 years and supported all VMware virtualization products since Workstation for Linux 1.0 beta. Khalil has worked on most enterprise storage vendors’ solutions and received engineering-level training for many of them. He has presented at every VMworld, and at VMware Partner Exchange, VMware User Group, and USENIX.     ISBN-13: 978-0-321-79993-7 ISBN-10: 0-321-79993-3"

Full Product Details

Author:   Mostafa Khalil
Publisher:   Pearson Education (US)
Imprint:   VMWare Press
Dimensions:   Width: 17.90cm , Height: 3.20cm , Length: 23.20cm
Weight:   1.000kg
ISBN:  

9780321799937

ISBN 10:   0321799933
Pages:   700
Publication Date:   06 September 2012
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Replaced By:   9780134268101
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   Awaiting stock  

Table of Contents

Part I: Storage Protocols and Block Devices   Chapter 1 Storage Types 1 History of Storage 1  Birth of the Hard Disks 4  Along Comes SCSI 4  PATA and SATA—SCSI’s Distant Cousins? 5  Units of Measuring Storage Capacity 7  Permanent Storage Media Relevant to vSphere 5 8   Chapter 2 Fibre Channel Storage Connectivity 11 SCSI Standards and Protocols 11  SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 Standards 11  Fibre Channel Protocol 12  Decoding EMC Symmetrix WWPN 25  Locating Targets’ WWNN and WWPN Seen by vSphere 5 Hosts 27  SAN Topology 30  Fabric Switches 35  FC Zoning 37  Designing Storage with No Single Points of Failure 41   Chapter 3 FCoE Storage Connectivity 49 FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet) 49 FCoE Initialization Protocol 51 FCoE Initiators 54  Hardware FCoE Adapter 54  Software FCoE Adapter 55 Overcoming Ethernet Limitations 56  Flow Control in FCoE 57 Protocols Required for FCoE 58  Priority-Based Flow Control 58  Enhanced Transmission Selection 58  Data Center Bridging Exchange 59  10GigE — A Large Pipeline 59 802.1p Tag 60 Hardware FCoE Adapters 62 How SW FCoE Is Implemented in ESXi 5 62 Configuring FCoE Network Connections 64 Enabling Software FCoE Adapter 68 Removing or Disabling a Software FCoE Adapter 71  Using the UI to Remove the SW FCoE Adapter 71  Using the CLI to Remove the SW FCoE Adapter 72 Troubleshooting FCoE 73  ESXCLI 73  FCoE-Related Logs 76 Parting Tips 82   Chapter 4 iSCSI Storage Connectivity 85 iSCSI Protocol 85   Chapter 5 vSphere Pluggable Storage Architecture (PSA) 165 Native Multipathing 166 Storage Array Type Plug-in (SATP) 167  How to List SATPs on an ESXi 5 Host 168 Path Selection Plugin (PSP) 169  How to List PSPs on an ESXi 5 Host 170 Third-Party Plug-ins 171 Multipathing Plugins (MPPs) 172 Anatomy of PSA Components 173 I/O Flow Through PSA and NMP 174  Classification of Arrays Based on How They Handle I/O 175  Paths and Path States 176  Preferred Path Setting 176  Flow of I/O Through NMP 178 Listing Multipath Details 179  Listing Paths to a LUN Using the UI 179  Listing Paths to a LUN Using the Command-Line Interface (CLI) 183  Identifying Path States and on Which Path the I/O Is Sent—FC 186  Example of Listing Paths to an iSCSI-Attached Device 187  Identifying Path States and on Which Path the I/O Is Sent—iSCSI 190  Example of Listing Paths to an FCoE-Attached Device 190  Identifying Path States and on Which Path the I/O Is Sent—FC 192 Claim Rules 192 MP Claim Rules 193 Plug-in Registration 196 SATP Claim Rules 197 Modifying PSA Plug-in Configurations Using the UI 201  Which PSA Configurations Can Be Modified Using the UI? 202 Modifying PSA Plug-ins Using the CLI 204  Available CLI Tools and Their Options 204  Adding a PSA Claim Rule 206  How to Delete a Claim Rule 215  How to Mask Paths to a Certain LUN 217  How to Unmask a LUN 219  Changing PSP Assignment via the CLI 220   Chapter 6 ALUA 227 ALUA Definition 228  ALUA Target Port Group 228  Asymmetric Access State 229  ALUA Management Modes 231  ALUA Followover 232  Identifying Device ALUA Configuration 237  Troubleshooting ALUA 243   Chapter 7 Multipathing and Failover 249 What Is a Path? 250 Where Is the Active Path? 255  Identifying the Current Path Using the CLI 255  Identifying the IO (Current) Path Using the UI 256 LUN Discovery and Path Enumeration 258 Sample LUN Discovery and Path Enumeration Log Entries 261 Factors Affecting Multipathing 265  How to Access Advanced Options 266 Failover Triggers 267  SCSI Sense Codes 267  Multipathing Failover Triggers 270 Path States 273  Factors Affecting Paths States 274 Path Selection Plug-ins 276  VMW_PSP_FIXED 276  VMW_PSP_MRU 277  VMW_PSP_RR 277 When and How to Change the Default PSP 277  When Should You Change the Default PSP? 277  How to Change the Default PSP 278 PDL and APD 280  Unmounting a VMFS Volume 281  Detaching the Device Whose Datastore Was Unmounted 286 Path Ranking 291  Path Ranking for ALUA and Non-ALUA Storage 291  How Does Path Ranking Work for ALUA Arrays? 292  How Does Path Ranking Work for Non-ALUA Arrays? 293  Configuring Ranked Paths 295   Chapter 8 Third-Party Multipathing I/O Plug-ins 297 MPIO Implementations on vSphere 5 297 EMC PowerPath/VE 5.7 298  Downloading PowerPath/VE 298  Downloading Relevant PowerPath/VE Documentations 300  PowerPath/VE Installation Overview 302  What Gets Installed? 303  Installation Using the Local CLI 304  Installation Using vMA 5.0 306  Verifying Installation 307  Listing Devices Claimed by PowerPath/VE 311  Managing PowerPath/VE 312  How to Uninstall PowerPath/VE 313 Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager (HDLM) 315  Obtaining Installation Files 316  Installing HDLM 317  Modifying HDLM PSP Assignments 322  Locating Certified Storage on VMware HCL 326 Dell EqualLogic PSP Routed 327  Downloading Documentation 328  Downloading the Installation File and the Setup Script 328  How Does It Work? 328  Installing EQL MEM on vSphere 5 329  Uninstalling Dell PSP EQL ROUTED MEM 331   Chapter 9 Using Heterogeneous Storage Configurations 333 What Is a “Heterogeneous” Storage Environment? 333 Scenarios of Heterogeneous Storage 334 ESXi 5 View of Heterogeneous Storage 335  Basic Rules of Using Heterogeneous Storage 335  Naming Convention 336  So, How Does This All Fit Together? 337   Chapter 10 Using VMDirectPath I/O 345 What Is VMDirectPath? 345 Which I/O Devices Are Supported? 346  Locating Hosts Supporting VMDirectPath IO on the HCL 348 VMDirectPath I/O Configuration 349  What Gets Added to the VM’s Configuration File? 358 Practical Examples of VM Design Scenarios Utilizing VMDirectPath I/O 358  HP Command View EVA Scenario 358  Passing Through Physical Tape Devices 360 What About vmDirectPath Gen. 2? 360  How Does SR-IOV Work? 361  Supported VMDirectPath I/O Devices 364  Example of DirectPath IO Gen. 2 364 Troubleshooting VMDirectPath I/O 364  Interrupt Handling and IRQ Sharing 364  Device Sharing 365   Chapter 11 Storage Virtualization Devices (SVDs) 369 SVD Concept 369  How Does It Work? 370  Constraints 372  Front-End Design Choices 373  Back-End Design Choices 376  LUN Presentation Considerations 377  RDM (RAW Device Mapping) Considerations 378   Part II: File Systems   Chapter 12 VMFS Architecture 381 History of VMFS 382  VMFS 3 on Disk Layout 384  VMFS5 Layout 391  Common Causes of Partition Table Problems 398  Re-creating a Lost Partition Table for VMFS3 Datastores 399  Re-creating a Lost Partition Table for VMFS5 Datastores 404  Preparing for the Worst! Can You Recover from a File System Corruption? 410  Span or Grow? 416  Upgrading to VMFS5 430   Chapter 13 Virtual Disks and RDMs 437 The Big Picture 437 Virtual Disks 438  Virtual Disk Types 441  Thin on Thin 443  Virtual Disk Modes 444 Creating Virtual Disks Using the UI 445  Creating Virtual Disks During VM Creation 445  Creating a Virtual Disk After VM Creation 448 Creating Virtual Disks Using vmkfstools 450  Creating a Zeroed Thick Virtual Disk Using vmkfstools 452  Creating an Eager Zeroed Thick Virtual Disk Using vmkfstools 452  Creating a Thin Virtual Disk Using vmkfstools 454  Cloning Virtual Disks Using vmkfstools 456 Raw Device Mappings 459  Creating Virtual Mode RDMs Using the UI 459 Listing RDM Properties 466 Virtual Storage Adapters 472  Selecting the Type of Virtual Storage Adapter 473  VMware Paravirtual SCSI Controller 475 Virtual Machine Snapshots 477  Creating the VM’s First Snapshot While VM Is Powered Off 478  Creating a VM Second Snapshot While Powered On 484 Snapshot Operations 488  Go to a Snapshot Operation 489  Delete a Snapshot Operation 492  Consolidate Snapshots Operation 494 Reverting to Snapshot 499 Linked Clones 501   Chapter 14 Distributed Locks 505 Basic Locking 506  What Happens When a Host Crashes? 507  Optimistic Locking 508  Dynamic Resource Allocation 509  SAN Aware Retries 509  Optimistic I/O 511  List of Operations That Require SCSI Reservations 511  MSCS-Related SCSI Reservations 512  Perennial Reservations 514  Under the Hood of Distributed Locks 519   Chapter 15 Snapshot Handling 529 What Is a Snapshot? 530 What Is a Replica? 530 What Is a Mirror? 530 VMFS Signature 531  Listing Datastores’ UUIDs via the Command-Line Interface 532 Effects of Snapshots on VMFS Signature 532 How to Handle VMFS Datastore on Snapshot LUNs 533 Resignature 534  Resignature a VMFS Datastore Using the UI 534  Resignature a VMFS Datastore Using ESXCLI 536 Force Mount 540  Force-Mounting VMFS Snapshot Using ESXCLI 541 Sample Script to Force-Mount All Snapshots on Hosts in a Cluster 543   Chapter 16 VAAI 549 What Is VAAI? 550 VAAI Primitives 550  Hardware Acceleration APIs 550  Thin Provisioning APIs 551 Full Copy Primitive (XCOPY) 551 Block Zeroing Primitive (WRITE_SAME) 552 Hardware Accelerated Locking Primitive (ATS) 553  ATS Enhancements on VMFS5 553 Thin Provisioned APIs 554 NAS VAAI Primitives 555 Enabling and Disabling Primitives 555  Disabling Block Device Primitives Using the UI 557  Disabling Block Device VAAI Primitives Using the CLI 559  Disabling the UNMAP Primitive Using the CLI 562  Disabling NAS VAAI Primitives 562 VAAI Plug-ins and VAAI Filter 564  Locating Supported VAAI-Capable Block Devices 565  Locating Supported VAAI-Capable NAS Devices 567 Listing Registered Filter and VAAI Plug-ins 569 Listing VAAI Filters and Plug-ins Configuration 570 Listing VAAI vmkernel Modules 573 Identifying VAAI Primitives Supported by a Device 574  Listing Block Device VAAI Support Status Using the CLI 574  Listing NAS Device VAAI Support Status 577  Listing VAAI Support Status Using the UI 577 Displaying Block Device VAAI I/O Stats Using ESXTOP 579 The VAAI T10 Standard Commands 582 Troubleshooting VAAI Primitives 583   Index 587  

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Author Information

Mostafa Khalil is a senior staff engineer at VMware. He is a senior member of VMware Global Support Services and has worked for VMware for more than 13 years. Prior to joining VMware, he worked at Lotus/IBM. A native of Egypt, Mostafa graduated from the Al-Azhar University’s School of Medicine, and practiced medicine in Cairo. He became intrigued by the mini computer system used in his medical practice and began to educate himself about computing and networking technologies. After moving to the United States, Mostafa continued to focus on computing and acquired several professional certifications. He is certified as VCDX (3, 4, & 5), VCAP (4 & 5)-DCD, VCAP4-DCA, VCP (2, 3, 4, & 5), MCSE, Master CNE, HP ASE, IBM CSE, and Lotus CLP. As storage became a central element in the virtualization environment, Mostafa became an expert in this field and delivered several seminars and troubleshooting workshops at various VMware public events in the United States and around the world.

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