Overview

In This Book You'll Learn How To: Install and configure the Solaris 10 operating environment on SPARC and x86/x64-based platforms Set up, manage, back up, and recover file systems Execute System Boot and Shutdown Procedures for SPARC and x86/x64-based systems Manage services using the Service Management Facility (SMF) Perform User and Security Administration Set up and manage printers and system processes Perform system backup and recovery operations Bill's original Cert Prep guides were used throughout Sun's service organization as the SEs studied for Certification. This was not mandated by Sun management but happened through word-of-mouth by those software engineers who had successfully passed the exam. In this new edition, Bill adds a chapter to explain the boot process (from POST to service initialization through SMF) on both SPARC and x86 systems. All chapters have been updated to reflect the Solaris 05/08 updates including detailed coverage of the x86 platform. This new guide is still the best source I know of to study for the exam. -Brian Howard, Systems Engineer / Solaris Ambassador WRITTEN BY A LEADING SOLARIS EXPERT! Bill Calkins is owner and president of Pyramid Consulting, a computer training and consulting firm specializing in the implementation and administration of open systems. He works as a consultant with Sun Microsystems and has contributed extensively to the Solaris certification program and simulation technology. He also owns www.unixed.com, a website that provides online UNIX training materials. Bill has more than 20 years of experience in UNIX system administration, consulting, and training at more than 250 different companies and government agencies and has authored several books on Solaris. CD Features ExamGear Practice Questions! The CD features instant scoring, matching to objectives, instant answer feedback, plus more! 60 questions for a real exam experience! Flashcards with text from the book explain each question. Download additional practice questions from www.unixed.com! A free, bookmarked electronic copy of the book. informit.com/examcram ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-3790-8 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3790-6

Full Product Details

Author:   Bill Calkins
Publisher:   Pearson Education (US)
Imprint:   Pearson IT Certification
Edition:   2nd edition
Dimensions:   Width: 18.10cm , Height: 4.40cm , Length: 23.10cm
Weight:   1.226kg
ISBN:  

9780789737908

ISBN 10:   0789737906
Pages:   768
Publication Date:   02 October 2008
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Tertiary & Higher Education
Format:   Mixed media product
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   Awaiting stock  

Table of Contents

Introduction................................................................................................................ 1 How This Book Helps You............................................................................... 2 Conventions Used in This Book....................................................................... 4 Audience....................................................................................................... 5 The Sun Certified System Administrator Exams................................................ 5 Exam CX-310-200.......................................................................................... 6 Manage File Systems......................................................................... 6 Install Software.................................................................................. 6 Perform System Boot Procedures........................................................ 6 Perform User and Security Administration............................................ 7 Manage Network Printers and System Processes................................. 7 Perform System Backups and Restores............................................... 7 Exam CX-310-203 (Solaris 10 Upgrade Exam).................................................. 7 Summary...................................................................................................... 8 Advice on Taking the Exam............................................................................. 8 Study and Exam Prep Tips........................................................................................ 11 Learning as a Process.................................................................................. 11 Study Tips................................................................................................... 12 Study Strategies.............................................................................. 12 Pretesting Yourself........................................................................... 13 Exam Prep Tips........................................................................................... 13 Putting It All Together....................................................................... 15 Part I: Exam Preparation chapter one Managing File Systems............................................................................................ 21 Introduction.................................................................................................. 26 Device Drivers.............................................................................................. 26 Physical Device Name.................................................................................. 27 Device Autoconfiguration............................................................................... 33 USB Devices................................................................................................ 35 Instance Names........................................................................................... 37 Major and Minor Device Numbers................................................................... 40 Logical Device Name.................................................................................... 42 Block and Raw Devices..................................................................... 46 A File System Defined.................................................................................. 48 Defining a Disk's Geometry........................................................................... 48 Disk Controllers................................................................................ 49 Defect List....................................................................................... 49 Disk Labels...................................................................................... 50 Partition Tables................................................................................ 51 Solaris File System Types............................................................................ 52 Disk-Based File Systems.................................................................. 52 Network-Based File Systems............................................................ 52 Virtual File Systems......................................................................... 53 Disk Slices.................................................................................................. 54 Displaying Disk Configuration Information............................................ 56 Using the format Utility to Create Slices............................................... 58 The Free Hog Slice........................................................................... 66 Using the format Utility to Modify Partitions.......................................... 66 Using the Solaris Management Console Disks Tool............................. 69 Recovering Disk Partition Information.................................................. 74 Logical Volumes............................................................................... 75 Parts of a UFS ............................................................................................ 75 The Root (/) File System............................................................................... 78 Soft (Symbolic) Links........................................................................ 83 Hard Links....................................................................................... 85 Removing a Link............................................................................... 87 Components of the UFS ............................................................................... 87 The Boot Block................................................................................ 88 The Superblock................................................................................ 88 Cylinder Groups............................................................................... 89 The inode......................................................................................... 89 The Storage Block............................................................................ 90 Free Blocks..................................................................................... 90 Creating a UFS ........................................................................................... 90 Understanding Custom File System Parameters............................................. 92 Logical Block Size............................................................................ 93 Fragment Size................................................................................. 93 Minimum Free Space........................................................................ 94 Optimization Type............................................................................ 95 Number of inodes and Bytes per inode............................................... 95 The mkfs Command........................................................................... 95 The fstyp Command.......................................................................... 98 File System Operations................................................................................ 99 Synchronizing a File System............................................................. 99 Repairing File Systems................................................................... 100 The labelit Command........................................................................ 104 The volcopy Command..................................................................... 105 Tuning File Systems................................................................................... 106 Mounting File Systems............................................................................... 108 Mounting a File System with Large Files........................................... 113 Mounting a File System with UFS Logging Enabled........................... 114 Unmounting a File System.......................................................................... 114 The fuser Command........................................................................ 115 /etc/mnttab.......................................................................................... 116 Volume Management.................................................................................. 120 Using Volume Management............................................................. 128 Troubleshooting Volume Manager..................................................... 129 Displaying a File System's Disk Space Usage.................................. 131 Displaying Directory Size Information................................................ 135 Information on File Systems........................................................................ 136 Controlling User Disk Space Usage.................................................. 138 The quot Command.......................................................................... 139 Summary................................................................................................... 141 Key Terms..................................................................................... 141 Exercises...................................................................................... 142 Exam Questions............................................................................. 147 Answers to Review Questions.......................................................... 163 Suggested Readings and Resources............................................................ 170 chapter two Installing the Solaris 10 Operating Environment......................................................... 171 Introduction................................................................................................ 174 Installing the Solaris 10 Software.................................................................. 174 Requirements and Preparation for Installing the Solaris 10 Software................ 175 Minimum System Requirements...................................................... 176 Software Terminology.................................................................................. 177 Software Packages......................................................................... 177 Software Groups............................................................................. 177 Solaris Media................................................................................. 179 System Configuration to Be Installed................................................ 179 Disk Storage.............................................................................................. 181 Basic Considerations for Planning Partition (Slice) Sizes.................... 183 Slice Arrangements on Multiple Disks.............................................. 184 Methods of Installing the Solaris 10 Software................................................. 185 Solaris Interactive Installation: Using the GUI..................................... 186 Solaris Interactive Installation: Using the CLI..................................... 186 JumpStart...................................................................................... 187 Custom JumpStart.......................................................................... 187 Solaris Live Upgrade....................................................................... 188 Solaris Flash Archives..................................................................... 189 WAN Boot..................................................................................... 190 Upgrading the Operating System.................................................................. 190 The Solaris Installation Prechecklist............................................................. 191 Secure by Default........................................................................... 194 Using the Interactive Installation Process (install-solaris) on a SPARC-Based System 195 Configuring Power Management....................................................... 224 Tools for Managing Software........................................................................ 225 Adding and Removing Software Packages..................................................... 226 Using a Spool Directory............................................................................... 227 Installing Software from the Command Line....................................... 229 Removing Software Using pkgrm........................................................ 229 Solaris Product Registry.................................................................. 230 Web Start Installer.......................................................................... 233 Listing and Verifying Installed Packages....................................................... 235 Software Patches....................................................................................... 237 Obtaining a Patch....................................................................................... 238 Installing a Patch............................................................................ 240 Removing a Patch........................................................................... 243 Patch Manager (smpatch).............................................................................. 244 Patch Tool................................................................................................. 249 General Guidelines..................................................................................... 251 Summary................................................................................................... 253 Key Terms..................................................................................... 253 Exercises...................................................................................... 254 Exam Questions............................................................................. 258 Answers to Exam Questions........................................................... 264 Suggested Readings and Resources................................................ 266 chapter three Performing System Boot and Shutdown Procedures for SPARC, x64-, and x86-Based Systems 267 Introduction................................................................................................ 272 Booting a SPARC System........................................................................... 272 Powering on the System................................................................. 273 The Boot PROM and Program Phases.............................................. 273 The OpenBoot Environment......................................................................... 274 Entry-Level to High-End Systems..................................................... 276 Accessing the OpenBoot Environment.............................................. 276 System Console............................................................................. 277 System Control Switch.................................................................... 277 OpenBoot Firmware Tasks.............................................................. 278 The OpenBoot Architecture.......................................................................... 279 The OpenBoot Interface............................................................................... 281 Getting Help in OpenBoot............................................................................ 281 PROM Device Tree (Full Device Pathnames)................................................. 283 OpenBoot Device Aliases................................................................ 287 OpenBoot NVRAM...................................................................................... 289 The nvedit Line Editor....................................................................... 296 OpenBoot Security..................................................................................... 298 OpenBoot Diagnostics................................................................................ 300 Input and Output Control.................................................................. 305 OpenBoot PROM Versions.......................................................................... 307 Booting a SPARC System........................................................................... 307 The boot Command.......................................................................... 309 The BIOS....................................................................................... 319 GRUB............................................................................................ 320 Configuring the Video Display on the x86/x64 Platform....................... 329 The Kernel................................................................................................. 331 The init Phase............................................................................................. 335 The Service Management Facility (SMF)........................................... 337 Using the Run Control Scripts to Stop or Start Services..................... 366 System Shutdown...................................................................................... 370 Commands to Shut Down the System.............................................. 371 Stopping the System for Recovery Purposes: SPARC........................ 375 Stopping the System for Recovery Purposes: x86/x64....................... 377 Turning Off the Power to the Hardware.............................................. 377 Summary................................................................................................... 378 Key Terms..................................................................................... 378 Exercises...................................................................................... 380 Exam Questions............................................................................. 384 Answers to Exam Questions........................................................... 392 Suggested Readings and Resources............................................................ 397 CHAPTER four User and Security Administration............................................................................. 399 Introduction................................................................................................ 402 Administering User Accounts....................................................................... 402 Managing User and Group Accounts with the SMC............................ 402 Managing User and Group Accounts from the Command Line............. 417 Setting Up Shell Initialization Files............................................................... 425 C Shell Initialization Files................................................................ 425 Bourne Shell Initialization Files........................................................ 426 Korn Shell Initialization Files............................................................ 426 Additional Shells Included with Solaris 10......................................... 426 Default Initialization Files................................................................. 427 Customizing User Initialization Files................................................. 428 The Home Directory........................................................................ 431 Projects......................................................................................... 432 Name Services............................................................................... 432 System Security......................................................................................... 433 Controlling Physical Security........................................................... 434 Controlling System Access............................................................. 434 Controlling File Access................................................................... 443 Access Control Lists (ACLs)........................................................................ 447 Setting ACL Entries........................................................................ 448 Checking the New File Permissions................................................. 450 Verifying ACL Entries...................................................................... 450 Copying a File's ACL to Another File................................................ 450 Modifying ACL Entries on a File....................................................... 451 Deleting ACL Entries from a File...................................................... 451 Auditing Users................................................................................ 454 Controlling Network Security............................................................ 459 Securing Superuser Access............................................................ 466 The Secure Shell (ssh)................................................................................. 468 ASET 471 Common-Sense Security Techniques........................................................... 473 Summary................................................................................................... 474 Key Terms..................................................................................... 457 Exercises...................................................................................... 475 Exam Questions............................................................................. 480 Answers to Exam Questions........................................................... 489 Suggested Reading and Resources.............................................................. 492 CHAPTER five Managing System Processes.................................................................................. 493 Introduction................................................................................................ 496 Viewing a Process...................................................................................... 496 pgrep................................................................................................ 500 prstat................................................................................................ 502 mpstat............................................................................................... 506 ptree................................................................................................. 507 time.................................................................................................. 507 Process Manager........................................................................... 508 SMC Process Tool.......................................................................... 511 pargs................................................................................................ 512 svcs................................................................................................. 514 Process Types........................................................................................... 515 Using Signals............................................................................................. 517 Scheduling Processes................................................................................ 521 Scheduling Priorities................................................................................... 522 Changing the Priority of a Time-Sharing Process with nice................... 522 Changing the Scheduling Priority of Processes with priocntl................. 524 Fair Share Scheduler (FSS) and the Fixed Scheduler (FX).................. 525 Using the Solaris Batch-Processing Facility.................................................. 525 Configuring crontab........................................................................... 525 Scheduling a Single System Event (at).............................................. 528 Job Scheduler................................................................................ 531 Summary................................................................................................... 533 Key Terms..................................................................................... 533 Exercises...................................................................................... 534 Exam Questions............................................................................. 535 Answers to Exam Questions........................................................... 539 Suggested Reading and Resources.............................................................. 540 Chapter six Managing the LP Print Service................................................................................. 541 The Solaris OS Print Service (LP)................................................................. 544 The Solaris Print Service............................................................................. 544 LP Print Service Directories............................................................. 546 The Print Spooler............................................................................ 547 The LP Print Daemons.................................................................... 548 Setting Up the Printer Hardware................................................................... 550 Ethernet Connections...................................................................... 550 Parallel Connections....................................................................... 550 Serial Connections.......................................................................... 550 USB Connections........................................................................... 551 Setting Up a Network Printer ....................................................................... 551 BSD Versus SVR4 Printing Software................................................ 551 Print Servers Versus Print Clients.................................................... 553 Configuring Software for a Solaris Printer........................................... 554 Administering Printers................................................................................. 560 Deleting Printers and Managing Printer Access................................. 560 Creating Printer Classes.................................................................. 562 Checking Printer Status.................................................................. 564 Managing Printer Queues................................................................ 565 Restarting the Print Scheduler......................................................... 571 Setting a User's Default Printer........................................................ 572 Modifying the Printer with Print Manager........................................... 572 Troubleshooting the Print Scheduler................................................. 574 Summary................................................................................................... 574 Key Terms..................................................................................... 575 Exercises...................................................................................... 576 Exam Questions............................................................................. 582 Answers to Exam Questions........................................................... 586 Suggested Reading and Resources.............................................................. 587 chapter Seven Performing System Backups and Restorations.......................................................... 589 Introduction................................................................................................ 592 Backup Media............................................................................................ 592 Tape Device Names........................................................................ 593 Solaris Backup and Restoration Utilities....................................................... 595 The tar Utility.................................................................................. 595 The dd Utility.................................................................................. 597 The cpio Utility................................................................................ 599 The pax Utility................................................................................. 603 The ufsdump Utility........................................................................... 606 The ufsrestore Utility......................................................................... 612 Recovering the Root (/) or /usr File System........................................ 618 Additional Notes About Restoring Files............................................. 622 Tape Drive Control....................................................................................... 623 The UFS Snapshot Utility.............................................................................. 624 zip and unzip.............................................................................................. 629 Solaris Flash Archive.................................................................................. 629 The jar Utility.............................................................................................. 631 Summary................................................................................................... 633 Key Terms..................................................................................... 634 Exercises...................................................................................... 635 Exam Questions............................................................................. 637 Answers to Exam Questions........................................................... 640 Suggested Readings and Resources............................................................ 641 Part II: Final Review Fast Facts............................................................................................................. 645 Managing File Systems............................................................................... 645 Devices and Drivers......................................................................... 646 Instance Names............................................................................. 647 File Systems.................................................................................. 647 Creating a UFS............................................................................... 650 Volume Management...................................................................... 651 Installing the Solaris 10 Operating Environment............................................. 651 Tools for Managing Software............................................................ 653 Software Patches........................................................................... 654 System Startup and Shutdown..................................................................... 655 OpenBoot Environment (SPARC Systems Only)................................ 656 The Kernel..................................................................................... 659 Commands to Shut Down the System.............................................. 661 User and Security Administration................................................................. 661 Shells and Initialization Files............................................................ 662 System Security............................................................................. 665 Protecting Data.............................................................................. 666 Access Control Lists (ACLs)............................................................ 667 Monitoring Users............................................................................ 668 Network Security............................................................................ 668 Restricting Root Access.................................................................. 669 Managing Processes.................................................................................. 669 Using the kill Command.................................................................... 670 Using the Solaris Batch-Processing Facility...................................... 671 Managing the LP Print Service..................................................................... 672 The LP Print Daemons.................................................................... 674 Performing System Backups and Restorations.............................................. 675 Practice Exam ...................................................................................................... 677 Practice Exam Questions............................................................................ 677 Answers to the Practice Exam ................................................................................ 685 Answers at a Glance to the Practice Exam................................................... 685 Part III: Appendix Appendix What's on the CD-ROM .......................................................................................... 693 ExamGear, Exam Prep Edition ................................................................... 693 Glossary 695

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Bill Calkins is a Sun Certified System Administrator for the Solaris operating environment. He is owner and president of Pyramid Consulting Inc., a computer training and consulting firm located near Grand Rapids, Michigan, specializing in the implementation and administration of Open Systems. He has more than 20 years of experience in Unix system administration, consulting, and training at more than 150 different companies. Bill has authored several Unix textbooks, which are currently best sellers and are used by universities and training organizations worldwide: *Solaris 2.6 Administrator Certification Training Guide Part I (New Riders Publishing, ISBN: 157870085X)*Solaris 2.6 Administrator Certification Training Guide Part II (New Riders Publishing, ISBN: 1578700868)*Solaris 7 Administrator Certification Training Guide: Parts I and II (New Riders Publishing, ISBN: 1578702496)*Solaris 8 Training Guide (CX-310-011 and CX-310-012): System Administrator (New Riders Publishing, ISBN: 1578702593)*Inside Solaris 9 (New Riders Publishing, ISBN: 0735711011). Solaris 9 Training Guide (CX-310-014 and CX-310-015): System Administrator (New Riders Publishing, ISBN: 0789729229)*Solaris 10 System Administration -- First Edition (Que, ISBN: 0789734613) Bill has worked with Sun Press and Prentice Hall as a technical editor and a major contributor to many of their Solaris titles. Bill's professional interests include consulting, writing, teaching, traveling, and developing Web-based training materials. Bill works as a consultant with the certification group at Sun Microsystems and assists with the development of the Solaris 10 SCSA, SCNA, and SCSECA certification exams. Bill also consults with Sun Microsystems Professional Services and assists in the development of Solaris training and testing materials for the education division at Sun Microsystems. Bill works as an instructor in government, corporate and university settings, and has helped thousands of administrators get their certification. Recently he was recognized by the United States Central Command (CENTCOM) as the technical trainer of choice for the joint war fighting community. His experience covers all varieties of Unix, including Solaris, HP-UX, AIX, IRIX, and Linux. When he's not working in the field, he writes Unix books and conducts training and educational seminars on various system administration topics. He draws on his many years of experience in system administration and training to provide a unique approach to Unix

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