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Author:   Thomas Erl ,  Benjamin Carlyle ,  Cesare Pautasso ,  Raj Balasubramanian
Publisher:   Pearson Education (US)
Imprint:   Addison Wesley
Dimensions:   Width: 18.80cm , Height: 3.90cm , Length: 24.20cm
Weight:   1.158kg
ISBN:  

9780137012510

ISBN 10:   0137012519
Pages:   624
Publication Date:   23 August 2012
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   Awaiting stock  

Table of Contents

Foreword by Stefan Tilkov     xxix Acknowledgments     xxxiii Chapter 1: Introduction     1 1.1 About this Book     2 Who this Book is For     2 What this Book Does Not Cover     3 1.2 Recommended Reading     3 1.3 How this Book is Organized     4 1.4 Conventions     8 Use of the Color Red     8 Design Constraints, Principles, and Patterns: Page References and Capitalization     8 Design Goals: Capitalization     9 Symbol Legend     9 1.5 Additional Information     10 Updates, Errata, and Resources (www.servicetechbooks.com)      10 Master Glossary (www.soaglossary.com)      10 Service-Orientation (www.serviceorientation.com)      10 What Is REST? (www.whatisrest.com)      10 Referenced Specifications (www.servicetechspecs.com)      10 The Service Technology Magazine (www.servicetechmag.com)      10 SOASchool.com SOA Certified Professional (SOACP)      11 CloudSchool.com Cloud Certified (CCP) Professional     11 Notification Service     11 Chapter 2: Case Study Background     13 2.1 How Case Studies Are Used     14 2.2 Case Study Background #1: Midwest University Association (MUA)      14 History     14 IT Environment     14 Business Goals and Obstacles     16 1. Build Reusable Business Services     18 2. Consolidate Systems and Information     18 3. Improve Channel Experience     18 4. Build Services Infrastructure     18 2.3 Case Study Background #2: KioskEtc Co.      18 History     19 IT Environment     19 Business Goals and Obstacles     19 Part I: Fundamentals Chapter 3: Introduction to Services     23 3.1 Service Terminology     24 Service     24 Service Contract     24 Service Capability     26 Service Consumer     26 Service Agent     27 Service Composition     27 3.2 Service Terminology Context     29 Services and REST     29 Services and SOA     29 REST Services and SOA     29 Chapter 4: SOA Terminology and Concepts     31 4.1 Basic Terminology and Concepts     32 Service-Oriented Computing     33 Service-Orientation     34 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)      37 SOA Manifesto     38 Services     39 Cloud Computing     40 IT Resources     41 Service Models     41 Agnostic Logic and Non-Agnostic Logic     42 Service Inventory     42 Service Portfolio     43 Service Candidate     44 Service Contract     44 Service-Related Granularity     45 Service Profiles     46 SOA Design Patterns     46 4.2 Further Reading     49 4.3 Case Study Example     50 Chapter 5: REST Constraints and Goals     51 5.1 REST Constraints     52 Client-Server     53 Stateless     54 Cache     55 Interface/Uniform Contract     55 Layered System     56 Code-On-Demand     57 5.2 Goals of the REST Architectural Style     58 Performance     58 Scalability     59 Simplicity     60 Modifiability     61 Visibility     61 Portability     62 Reliability     62 Case Study Example     63 Part II: RESTful Service-Orientation Chapter 6: Service Contracts with REST     67 6.1 Uniform Contract Elements     68 Resource Identifier Syntax (and Resources)      69 URIs (and URLs and URNs)      69 Resource Identifiers and REST Services     71 Methods     71 Media Types     73 6.2 REST Service Capabilities and REST Service Contracts     75 6.3 REST Service Contracts vs. Non-REST Service Contracts     77 Non-REST Service with Custom Service Contract     77 REST Service with Uniform Contract     79 HTTP Messaging vs. SOAP Messaging     81 REST Service Contracts with WSDL?      82 6.4 The Role of Hypermedia     83 URI Templates and Resource Queries     86 6.5 REST Service Contracts and Late Binding     87 Case Study Example     90 Chapter 7: Service-Orientation with REST     93 7.1 “SOA vs. REST” or “SOA + REST”?      95 7.2 Design Goals     97 Increased Intrinsic Interoperability     97 Increased Federation     98 Increased Vendor Diversity Options     99 Increased Business and Technology Alignment     100 Increased ROI     100 Increased Organizational Agility     102 Reduced IT Burden     102 Common Goals     103 7.3 Design Principles and Constraints     104 Standardized Service Contract     104 Service Loose Coupling     105 Service Abstraction     107 Service Reusability     109 Service Autonomy     110 Service Statelessness     111 Service Discoverability     113 Service Composability     114 Common Conflicts     114 Stateful Interactions     115 Service-Specific Contract Details     115 Case Study Example     116 Part III: Service-Oriented Analysis and Design with REST Chapter 8: Mainstream SOA Methodology and REST     127 8.1 Service Inventory Analysis     131 8.2 Service-Oriented Analysis (Service Modeling)      133 8.3 Service-Oriented Design (Service Contract)      135 8.4 Service Logic Design     137 8.5 Service Discovery     137 8.6 Service Versioning and Retirement     138 Chapter 9: Analysis and Service Modeling with REST     139 9.1 Uniform Contract Modeling and REST Service Inventory Modeling     141 REST Constraints and Uniform Contract Modeling     144 REST Service Centralization and Normalization     146 9.2 REST Service Modeling     147 REST Service Capability Granularity     148 Resources vs. Entities     149 REST Service Modeling Process     150 Case Study Example     152 Step 1: Decompose Business Process (into Granular Actions)      152 Case Study Example     152 Step 2: Filter Out Unsuitable Actions     154 Case Study Example     154 Step 3: Identify Agnostic Service Candidates     155 Case Study Example     157 Event Service Candidate (Entity)      157 Award Service Candidate (Entity)      158 Student Service Candidate (Entity)      158 Notification Service Candidate (Utility)      159 Document Service Candidate (Utility)      159 Step 4: Identify Process-Specific Logic     160 Case Study Example     160 Confer Student Award Service Candidate (Task)      161 Step 5: Identify Resources     161 Case Study Example     162 Step 6: Associate Service Capabilities with Resources and Methods     163 Case Study Example     164 Confer Student Award Service Candidate (Task)      164 Event Service Candidate (Entity)      164 Award Service Candidate (Entity)      165 Student Service Candidate (Entity)      165 Notification Service Candidate (Utility)      166 Document Service Candidate (Utility)      166 Step 7: Apply Service-Orientation     167 Case Study Example     167 Step 8: Identify Candidate Service Compositions     167 Case Study Example     168 Step 9: Analyze Processing Requirements     169 Step 10: Define Utility Service Candidates     170 Step 11: Associate Utility-Centric Service Capabilities with Resources and Methods     171 Step 12: Apply Service-Orientation     171 Step 13: Revise Candidate Service Compositions     171 Step 14: Revise Resource Definitions     171 Step 15: Revise Capability Candidate Grouping     172 Additional Considerations     172 Chapter 10: Service-Oriented Design with REST     173 10.1 Uniform Contract Design Considerations     175 Designing and Standardizing Methods     175 Designing and Standardizing HTTP Headers     177 Designing and Standardizing HTTP Response Codes     179 Customizing Response Codes     184 Designing Media Types     186 Designing Schemas for Media Types     188 Service-Specific XML Schemas     189 10.2 REST Service Contract Design     191 Designing Services Based on Service Models     191 Task Services     191 Entity Services     192 Utility Services     193 Designing and Standardizing Resource Identifiers     194 Service Names in Resource Identifiers     195 Other URI Components     196 Resource Identifier Overlap     197 Resource Identifier Design Guidelines     199 Designing with and Standardizing REST Constraints     201 Stateless     201 Cache     202 Uniform Contract     203 Layered System     204 Case Study Example     205 Confer Student Award Service Contract (Task)      205 Event Service Contract (Entity)      207 Award Service Contract (Entity)      207 Student Transcript Service Contract (Entity)      208 Notification and Document Service Contracts (Utility)      209 10.3 Complex Method Design     211 Stateless Complex Methods     214 Fetch Method     214 Store Method     215 Delta Method     217 Async Method     219 Stateful Complex Methods     221 Trans Method     221 PubSub Method     222 Case Study Example     224 OptLock Complex Method     224 PesLock Complex Method     226 Part IV: Service Composition with REST Chapter 11: Fundamental Service Composition with REST     231 11.1 Service Composition Terminology     233 Compositions and Composition Instances     233 Composition Members and Controllers     234 Service Compositions Are Actually Service Capability Compositions     235 Designated Controllers     236 Collective Composability     236 Service Activities     238 Composition Initiators     239 Point-to-Point Data Exchanges and Compositions     240 11.2 Service Composition Design Influences     241 Service-Orientation Principles and Composition Design     241 Standardized Service Contract and the Uniform Contract     242 Service Loose Coupling and the Uniform Contract     243 Service Abstraction and Composition Information Hiding     244 Service Reusability for Repeatable Composition     245 Service Autonomy and Composition Autonomy Loss     245 Service Statelessness and Stateless     246 Service Composability and Service-Orientation     246 REST Constraints and Composition Design     247 Stateless and Stateful Compositions     247 Cache and Layered System     248 Code-on-Demand and Composition Logic Deferral     248 Uniform Contract and Composition Coupling     248 11.3 Composition Hierarchies and Layers     249 Task Services Composing Entity Services     250 Entity Services Composing Entity Services     251 11.4 REST Service Composition Design Considerations     253 Synchronous and Asynchronous Service Compositions     253 Idempotent Service Activities     254 Lingering Composition State     255 Binding Between Composition Participants     255 11.5 A Step-by-Step Service Activity     258 1. Request to Purchase a Ticket     258 2. Verify the Requested Flight Details     258 3. Confirm a Seat on the Flight     259 4. Generate an Invoice     259 5. Create the Ticket     260 Summary     260 Chapter 12: Advanced Service Composition with REST     261 12.1 Service Compositions and Stateless     263 Composition Design with Service Statelessness     264 Composition Design with Stateless     265 12.2 Cross-Service Transactions with REST     266 REST-Friendly Atomic Service Transactions     267 Phase 1: Initialize     267 Phase 2: Reserve     268 Phase 3A: Confirm     269 Phase 3B: Cancel     269 Phase 3C: Timeout     270 Compliance with Stateless     271 Additional Considerations     272 REST-Friendly Compensating Service Transactions     272 Phase 1: Begin     273 Phase 2: Do     273 Phase 3A: Complete     274 Phase 3B: Undo     274 Phase 3C: Timeout     275 Compliance with Stateless     276 Additional Considerations     276 Non-REST-Friendly Atomic Service Transactions     276 Phase 1: Initialize     277 Phase 2: Do     277 Phase 3: Prepare     278 Phase 4A: Commit      279 Phase 4B: Rollback     279 Phase 4C: Timeout      280 Compliance with Stateless     280 Additional Considerations     281 12.3 Event-Driven Interactions with REST     282 Event-Driven Messaging     282 Compliance with Stateless     283 Message Polling     285 Compliance with Stateless     287 12.4 Service Composition with Dynamic Binding and Logic Deferral     288 Denormalized Capabilities Across Normalized Services     289 Composition Deepening     292 Dynamically Binding with Common Properties     294 Runtime Logic Deferral     297 12.5 Service Composition Across Service Inventories     299 Inventory Endpoint with REST     299 Dynamic Binding Between Service Inventories with Baseline Standardization     302 Chapter 13: Service Composition with REST Case Study     305 13.1 Revisiting the Confer Student Award Process     306 13.2 Application Submission and Task Service Invocation     310 13.3 Confer Student Award Service Composition Instance (Pre-Review Service Activity View)      312 Step 1: Composition Initiator to Confer Student Award Task Service (A)      312 Step 2: Confer Student Award Task Service to Event Entity Service (B)      312 Step 3: Event Entity Service to Confer Student Award Task Service (B)      313 Step 4: Confer Student Award Task Service to Award Entity Service (E)      314 Step 5: Award Entity Service to Confer Student Award Task Service (E)      314 Step 6: Confer Student Award Task Service to Award Entity Service (E)      314 Step 7: Award Entity Service to Confer Student Award Task Service (E)      315 Step 8: Confer Student Award Task Service to Student Entity Service (F)      315 Step 9: Student Entity Service to Confer Student Award Task Service (F)      315 Step 10: Confer Student Award Task Service to Student Transcript Entity Service (F)      316 Step 11: Student Transcript Entity Service to Confer Student Award Task Service (F)      316 Step 12: Confer Student Award Task Service to Composition Initiator     316 13.4 Review of Pending Applications and Task Service Invocation     317 Confer Student Award Service Composition Instance (Post-Review Service Activity View)      318 Step 1: Composition Initiator to Confer Student Award Task Service (L)      320 Step 2: Confer Student Award Task Service to Notification Utility Service (N)      320 Step 3: Notification Utility Service to Student Entity Service (N)      320 Step 4: Student Entity Service to Notification Utility Service (N)      320 Step 5: Notification Utility Service to Confer Student Award Task Service (N)      321 Intermediate Step: Confer Student Award Task Service to Transaction Coordinator (P, Q)      321 Intermediate Step: Transaction Coordinator to Confer Student Award Task Service (P, Q)      321 Step 6: Confer Student Award Task Service to Conferral Entity Service (P)      322 Intermediate Step: Conferral Entity Service to Transaction Coordinator (P)      322 Intermediate Step: Transaction Coordinator to Conferral Entity Service     322 Step 7: Conferral Entity Service to Confer Student Award Task Service (Q)      322 Step 8: Confer Student Award Task Service to Student Manuscript Entity Service (Q)      323 Intermediate Step: Student Transcript Entity Service to Transaction Controller (Q)      323 Intermediate Step: Transaction Controller to Student Transcript Entity Service (Q)      323 Step 9: Student Transcript Entity Service to Confer Student Award Task Service (Q)      324 Intermediate Step: Confer Student Award Task Service to Transaction Coordinator (P, Q)      324 Intermediate Step: Transaction Coordinator to Confer Student Award Task Service (P, Q)      324 Step 10: Confer Student Award Task Service to Composition Initiator     324 Part V: Supplemental Chapter 14: Design Patterns for SOA with REST     327 14.1 REST-Inspired SOA Design Patterns     329 Content Negotiation     331 Related Patterns     332 Related Service-Oriented Computing Goals     332 Endpoint Redirection     332 Related Patterns     333 Related Service-Oriented Computing Goals     333 Entity Linking     333 Related Patterns     335 Related Service-Oriented Computing Goals     335 Idempotent Capability     335 Related Patterns     335 Related Service-Oriented Computing Goals     335 Lightweight Endpoint     336 Related Patterns     337 Related Service-Oriented Computing Goals     337 Reusable Contract     338 Related Patterns     338 Related Service-Oriented Computing Goals     339 Uniform Contract     339 14.2 Other Relevant SOA Design Patterns     340 Contract Centralization     340 Contract Denormalization     340 Domain Inventory     340 Schema Centralization     341 State Messaging     341 Validation Abstraction     342 Chapter 15: Service Versioning with REST     343 15.1 Versioning Basics     346 REST Service Contract Compatibility     346 Compatible and Incompatible Changes     348 Uniform Contract Method Compatibility     349 Uniform Contract Media Type Compatibility     350 Media Types and Forwards-compatibility     354 15.2 Version Identifiers     355 Using Version Identifiers     356 Version Identifiers and the Uniform Contract     358 Chapter 16: Uniform Contract Profiles     361 16.1 Uniform Contract Profile Template     362 Uniform-Level Structure     363 Method Profile Structure     364 Media Type Profile Structure     365 16.2 REST Service Profile Considerations     367 16.3 Case Study Example     369 Uniform-Level Structure: MUAUC     370 Method Profile Structure: Fetch     371 Response Code Handling for GET Methods in Fetch Method     373 Method Profile Structure: Store     374 Response Code Handling for PUT and DELETE Methods in Store Method     376 Method Profile Structure: GET     377 Method Profile Structure: PUT     378 Media Type Profile Structure: Invoice (application/vnd.edu.mua.invoice+xml)      379 Part VI: Appendices Appendix A: Case Study Conclusion     383 Appendix B: Industry Standards Supporting the Web     387 The Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)      388 The World Wide Web Consortium     389 Other Web Standards     390 Appendix C: REST Constraints Reference     391 Appendix D: Service-Orientation Principles Reference     409 Appendix E: SOA Design Patterns Reference     425 Appendix F: State Concepts and Types     521 State Management Explained     522 State Management in Abstract     522 Origins of State Management     523 Deferral vs. Delegation     527 Types of State     527 Active and Passive     527 Stateless and Stateful     528 Session and Context Data     528 Measuring Service Statelessness     530 Appendix G: The Annotated SOA Manifesto     533 Appendix H: Additional Resources     547 www.whatisrest.com     548 Bibliography and References     548 Resources     551 www.servicetechbooks.com     551 www.soaschool.com, www.cloudschool.com     551 www.servicetechmag.com     552 www.soaglossary.com     552 www.servicetechspecs.com     552 www.soapatterns.org, www.cloudpatterns.org     552 www.serviceorientation.com, www.soaprinciples.com, www.whatissoa.com     552 www.servicetechsymposium.com     552 About the Authors     553 About the Pattern Co-Contributors     555 About the Foreword Contributor     557 Index     559

Reviews

This book illuminates the connection of the two domains--SOA and REST--in a manner that is concrete and practical, providing concise application to everyday architectural challenges. Fantastic! --Ryan Frazier, Technology Strategist, Microsoft SOA can be done in many different ways, and REST has become the most visible newcomer in the space of potential implementation frameworks. This book illustrates what architects and developers need to know about RESTful SOA and most importantly drives home the main point that REST makes as a style for SOA: It is all about designing service ecosystems and providing clients an easy way to use resources in those ecosystems and even connect them across individual services. This book undoubtedly will help SOA to reap the benefits from the main value propositions of Web architecture: decentralization, loose coupling, connectedness, self-describing services, and service interfaces that are independent from service implementations. --Dr. Erik Wilde, Architect, EMC Corporation SOA with REST is a tour de force that elegantly applies REST principles to the industry-standard SOA framework described in prior titles in this series. The book provides useful guidance to practitioners while staying true in form and spirit to the REST constraints defined in Roy Fielding's thesis. The chapters on RESTful contract design in and of themselves justify the cost of purchase. This book is a must-read for anyone developing REST services. --Dave Slotnick, Enterprise Architect, Rackspace Hosting An excellent repertoire of service-oriented patterns that will prove handy when solving problems in the real world. The REST perspectives and principles will provide complete coverage of modern-day Web 2.0 style approaches. Highly recommended. --Sid Sanyal, IT Architect, Zurich Financial Services REST is so much more than just another type of interface implementation--SOA with REST shows how the ecosystem of service compositions changes as new opportunities arise for service composition architecture designs. A comprehensive guide and a must-read for any serious IT architect considering REST-style services for application architectures. --Roger Stoffers, Solution Architect, Hewlett Packard Service-orientation and REST both are architectural styles that are cornerstones of modern applications and cloud computing. Both aim to deliver scalable, interoperable solutions, but their different roots don't always make them a natural fit. SOA with REST explains how the two styles can work together in enterprise environments. It discusses a design process for a services portfolio that meets the goals of SOA and at the same time designs services that comply with the established REST constraints. It also shows pragmatic approaches to meet enterprise-grade requirements with the REST programming style but relaxes constraints where necessary. --Christoph Schittko, Director of Cloud Strategy, Microsoft An inspirational book that provides deep insight into the design and development of next-generation service-oriented systems based on the use of REST. This book clarifies the convergence of SOA and REST with no-nonsense content that addresses common questions and issues head-on. An essential 'instrument of modern service implementation' and a powerful body of knowledge for software designers, architects, and consultants. --Pethuru Raj, Ph.D., Enterprise Architecture (EA) Consultant, Wipro Consulting Services The Service Technology Series from Thomas Erl continues its tradition of using simple examples to elucidate complicated concepts. With the latest in the series, SOA with REST, the authors have created a resource that discusses REST through the lenses of the common SOA pattern language. SOA with REST is a fantastic resource for the enterprise architect and developer alike! --Kevin P. Davis, Ph.D., Software Architect Unlike many other texts on the subject, SOA with REST is a well-rounded, easy-to-read narrative, including real-world case studies that appeal to both developers and analysts. This makes it an indispensable source for any SOA practitioner or any professional who is planning to initiate an SOA project. --Theodore T. Morrison, Certified SOA Analyst, CSM, Geocent, LLC The book is a must-read for any IT architect or software engineer who wants to gain a deep understanding of the principles, patterns, and implementation concepts that pertain to building REST-based applications for service-oriented architectures. It goes well beyond fundamental topics to explore the relationship between REST and various specific SOA principles and patterns. --Sanjay Singh, Certified SOA Architect, Development Manager, NorthgateArinso An authoritative, well-written reference for enterprise architects, analysts, developers, and others. This book shows not only the elegance, simplicity, and versatility of REST, it also gives us a clear understanding of how REST synergizes with SOA and service-orientation, how REST can impact SOA design goals, how we can design and develop REST services, and how we can address the unique challenges of integrating RESTfulness into service-orientation. This book is required reading for anyone who desires technical mastery of building service-oriented architectures with REST. --Philip Wik, MSS Technology This is a comprehensive and fundamental book to understand how to employ REST in service-oriented architectures. The many examples provided and the patterns described will be an invaluable help to any practitioner interested in service orientation. --Gustavo Alonso, Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich SOA and REST are two very important architectural styles for distributed computing. SOA is successfully adopted by most enterprises, and the REST style is getting more attention from both researcher and industry users. The book SOA with REST introduces a new architectural style that is ingeniously combining both SOA and REST styles and clearly reveals how SOA and REST can work together to generate successful enterprise SOA strategies with REST, along with guidance for making architecture design decisions. This book is a bible of best practices for designing and implementing SOA architecture with REST. It is a must-have reference book for both IT practitioners and researchers. --Longji Tang, FedEx IT Senior Technical Advisor, Ph.D. in CSSE REST and SOA are two of the most misunderstood terms in the software industry over the past decade. Yet the REST architectural style coupled with modern RESTful framework implementations provides a scalable and reliable approach to SOA. This book covers all you need to know about how to take the principles of REST and apply them in small and large SOA developments. If you are familiar with REST and thinking about SOA, then you need this book. If you have not considered REST in your SOA work, then this book is for you, too. Covering concepts of both REST and SOA, as well as design patterns and when to use them, the book is a wonderful companion and a good tool for architects and engineers. --Dr. Mark Little, CTO JBoss, Red Hat This book is an excellent introduction into how SOA methodology can be used with services implementing a RESTful architectural style. Thomas Erl and his co-authors help SOA architects to better understand the implications of utilizing and the requirements for integrating REST into the service-oriented architecting process. --Gerald Beuchelt, MITRE

Author Information

Thomas Erl is a best-selling IT author and the world’s top-selling SOA author. His books encompass topics ranging from cloud computing, semantic Web technology, and SOA. He is the series editor of the Prentice Hall Service Technology Series from Thomas Erl, as well as the editor of the Service Technology Magazine. With more than 160,000 copies in print world-wide, his published books have become international bestsellers and have been formally endorsed by senior members of major IT organizations, such as IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, Intel, Accenture, IEEE, MITRE, SAP, CISCO, and HP. As the founder of Arcitura Education Inc., Thomas has overseen the development of curricula for the internationally recognized SOASchool.com SOA Certified Professional (SOACP) and CloudSchool.com Cloud Certified Professional (CCP) accreditation programs, which have established a series of formal, vendor-neutral industry certifications. Thomas has toured over 20 countries as a speaker and instructor for public and private events and regularly participates in SOA, Cloud + Service Technology Symposium, and Gartner conferences. More than 100 articles and interviews by Thomas have been published in numerous publications, including The Wall Street Journal and CIO Magazine.   Benjamin Carlyle is a founding developer of the Invensys Rail “SystematICS” services framework, and has worked for many years as a software developer, software architect, and systems engineer on railway projects worldwide. He has focused on integrating REST and services technologies since around 2004. His work is referenced in several books on Restful Web services and on microformats, he has presented at the International SOA Symposium, and has served on the technical committee for international workshops on RESTful Design. He is credited with helping inspire the RESTlet framework for Java, and coined the term “REST Triangle” to describe the structure of a REST uniform contract. He has a deep understanding of both the theory and practice of REST and related styles as well as broader software and systems architecture topics.   Cesare Pautasso is an assistant professor at the Faculty of Informatics at the University of Lugano, Switzerland. Previously he was a researcher at the IBM Zurich Research Lab and a senior researcher at ETH Zurich, where he also completed his graduate studies with a Ph.D. in 2004. His teaching, research, and consulting activities both in academia and in industry cover advanced topics related to Software Architecture, Service Oriented Computing, and emerging RESTful Web services technologies. His research group focuses on building experimental systems to explore the intersection between the REST architectural style and model-driven software composition techniques, business process management, and liquid, self-organizing service-oriented architectures. He is an active member of IEEE and ACM, where he has participated in more than 100 international conference/workshop program committees. He has started the series of International Workshops on RESTful Design (WS-REST) at the WWW conference and was the general chair of the 9th IEEE European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS 2011). He regularly referees for Swiss, EU, and international funding agencies.   Raj Balasubramanian is a senior technologist from the Business Process Optimization (BPO) team within IBM Software Group focused on delivering SOA/BPM/Cloud solution across industries. Depending on the needs of the customer he has played the role of an enterprise architect, system architect, or solution architect to deliver on the engagement at hand. Prior to the focus on BPO, he was a lead portal architect delivering portal solutions to medium and large enterprise as part of the Lotus brand. He has published numerous articles on IBM DeveloperWorks and speaks at industry conferences on a variety of topics. His interests are in distributed systems, applying Web constructs to solution design, and using formal models and analytics to reason about large systems. Raj is also pursuing a Ph.D. in ECE at University of Texas at Austin where he is applying machine learning and data mining techniques to networked data from social Web to human travel. His official profile is on http://raj.balasubramanians.com, which links to his various personas.  

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