Overview

This book features an extensive index and all Mathcad worksheets. Vinyl is back, tubes/valves are back, on the high-end field SMD-free analog amplification surpasses digitalized chains, and top microphone manufacturers still set on good old op-amps or on fully discrete BJT, FET, and/or tube-driven amplifiers. There is only one problem that is not satisfyingly well solved by the manufacturers: It is the noise production of the active components and the useful reflection in simulation tools, in tables or graphs of the datasheets/data books. Nowadays, mostly surrounded by many digital helping tools, it makes sense using them—also by analog aficionados. It saves cost and time simulating first before spending money. Presented in this book the software tool LTSpice which is the free software solution from Linear Technology (today Analog Devices) that could also be used by full analog lovers to simulate the noise production of their amplifier design. All we need is the right creation approach to develop simulation models for the active components. Inter alia this is already done for tubes and BJTs in the 2nd editions of my “How to Gain Gain” and “Balanced Phono-Amps” books. For op-amps, the missing approaches are presented in the book on hand. It cannot be denied that mathematical software like Mathcad is extremely helpful to find the right equations for graphically presented noise curves which we can find in the literature. Nevertheless, it also works well with other types of math software to fulfill the parameter needs of the here presented modeling approaches for the input referred voltage and current noise of—not only—excellent sounding vintage op-amps, applicable in the audio range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz.

Full Product Details

Author:   Burkhard Vogel
Publisher:   Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Imprint:   Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Edition:   1st ed. 2022
Weight:   0.784kg
ISBN:  

9783030994426

ISBN 10:   3030994422
Pages:   333
Publication Date:   07 May 2022
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Manufactured on demand  
We will order this item for you from a manufactured on demand supplier.

Table of Contents

1                      Intro 1.1          Reasons for this Book 1.2          Scope of this Book 1.3          Some Rules for a Better Understanding   2                      Basics of OPA Noise and Gain 2.1          Noise Sources of an OPA 2.2          General Aspects of OPA Gains 2.3          Test of “Test-OPA-M” with the Adapted Fig. 1.7 Test Arrangement 2.3.1                     Spice parameters for the Test-OPA-M and test arrangement 2.3.2                     Noise voltage 2.3.3                     Noise Current 2.3.4                     Slopes 2.4          Résumé   3                      Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 2 3.1          MCD-WS: Test-OPA-M Open Loop Gain 3.2          MCD-WS: Test-OPA-M Noise Production   4                      Non-Inverting OPA Gain Stages 4.1          The Noise Production of the Non-Inverting (Series Configured) OPA Gain Stage 4.2          Output Related 4.3          Input Related 4.4          Résumé   5                      Mathcad Worksheet for Chapter 4 5.1          MCD-WS: Non-Inverting Gain Stage   6                      Inverting OPA Gain Stages 6.1          The Noise Production of the Inverting (Shunt Configured) OPA Gain Stage 6.2          Output Related 6.3          Input Related 6.4          Résumé 6.5     Important Note Concerning an Additional Load Zx(f) at the (+) Input of the OPA in Fig. 6.2   7                      Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 6 7.1          MCD-WS: Inverting Gain Stage 7.2          MCD-WS: Proof   8                      Phono-Amp with OPAs 8.1     The Noise Production of the Phono-Amp 8.2     Main Equations to Calculate the Output Voltage noise and SNs of the Fig. 8.1 RIAA Phono-Amp – Correlated and Un-Correlated 8.2.1         Main equations for Fig. 8.9 (à la MCD-WS 9.3): 8.2.2         Main equations for Fig. 8.11 (à la MCD-WS 9.3): 8.2.3         Main equations for Fig. 8.1 incl input load (à la MCD-WS 9.3): 8.3          Résumé   9                      Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 8 9.1          MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + 0.0 Ohm with Test-OPA-M 9.2          MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + 1.0 k Ohm with Test-OPA-M 9.3          MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + StaCar with Test-OPA-M     Part II  Solutions Other Than Slopes of 0.0 dB/dec or -10.0 dB/dec     10                    The Correlation Matter 10.1        OPA with all its Independent Equivalent Input Noise Sources 10.2        The Voltage Noise Question 10.2.1       The 100% un-correlated state 10.2.2       The 100% correlated state 10.2.3       The general state 10.3        The Current Noise Question 10.3.1       The 100% un-correlated state 10.3.2       The 100% correlated state 10.3.3       The general state 10.4        Real OPAs 10.4.1       Model vs. Data Sheet – Results 10.4.2       Recommended approach to find the correlation state of OPAs, demonstrated by application of the example OPA AD797 10.5        Résumé   11                    Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 10 11.1        MCD-WS: Test-OPA-01 Correlation Basics 11.2        MCD-WS: AD797 Correlation Basics 11.3        MCD-WS: LT1128 Correlation Basics   12                    OPA Noise Modelling 12.1        Intro 12.2        Noise Traces of OPAs 12.3        Goals 12.4        The Voltage Noise Solution 12.5        The Current Noise Solution I – Non-inverted and Non-Correlated Version 12.6        The Current Noise Solution II – Inverted and Correlated Version 12.7        The Final Replacement OPA with Independent and Adjustable Noise Sources 12.7.1       OPA without any correlation of the noise sources 12.7.2       OPA including inverted and 100% correlated current noise sources 12.7.3       Other correlation arrangements 12.8        Comparison Results   13                    Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 12 13.1        MCD-WS: Traces 13.2        MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + StaCar with Test-OPA-N 13.3        MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + 1.0 k Ohm with Test-OPA-N 13.4        MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + 0.0 Ohm with Test-OPA-N     Part III Solutions for a Selection of Real Op-Amps     14                    Noise Traces for the Simulation Model of OPAs – Created with the Example OPA NE5534A 14.1      Intro 14.2        The Simulation Model’s Traces Presented by the Manufacturer 14.3        Data Collection 14.4        Decision about the “right” Traces 14.4.1       Voltage Noise 14.4.2       Current Noise 14.5        Further Material of Noise Trace 14.6        The Final NE5534AN Simulation Model for the New NE5534AN 14.7        What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources of the Original Model? 14.8        What about the OPA’s Input Resistance Rn 14.9        Gain-of-Three-Question   15                    Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 14 15.1        MCD-WS: NE5534AN Voltage Noise Trace 15.2        MCD-WS: NE5534AN Current Noise Trace   16                    Example OPA1611 16.1        Intro 16.2   Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Voltage Noise Generator 16.3   Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Current Noise Generator 16.4   Is it Worth Creating a New Simulation Model for OPA1611’s Noise Purposes? 16.5        What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources of the Original Model? 16.6        The Final OPA1611N Simulation Model   17                    Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 16 17.1        MCD-WS: OPA1611N Voltage Noise Trace 17.2        MCD-WS: OPA1611N Current Noise Trace   18                    Example NE5532A 18.1        Intro 18.2   Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Voltage Noise Generator 18.3   Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Current Noise Generator 18.4   Is it Worth Creating a New Simulation Model for NE5532A’s Noise Purposes? 18.5        What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources of the Original Model? 18.6        The Final NE5532AN Simulation Model   19                    Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 18 19.1        MCD-WS: NE5532AN Voltage Noise Trace 19.2        MCD-WS: NE5532AN Current Noise Trace   20                    Example OPA134 20.1        Intro 20.2   Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Voltage Noise Generator 20.3   Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Current Noise Generator 20.4   Is it Worth Creating a New Simulation model for OPA134’s Noise Purposes? 20.5        What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources of the Original Model? 20.6        The Final OPA134N Simulation Model   21                    Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 20 21.1        MCD-WS: OPA134N Voltage Noise Trace 21.2        MCD-WS: OPA134N Current Noise Trace   22                    Example TL071 22.1        Intro 22.2   Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Voltage Noise Generator 22.2.1       Recommendation for TI’s voltage noise generator 22.2.2       Recommendation for ST’s voltage noise generator 22.2.3       Remarks about the strange looking datasheet voltage noise curves 22.3   Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Current Noise Generator 22.4   Is it Worth Creating a New Simulation Model for TL071’s Noise Purposes? 22.5   What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources of the Original Model? 22.6        The Final Simulation Models TL071SN and TL071TN   23                    Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 22 23.1        MCD-WS: TL071SN & TL071TN Voltage Noise Traces 23.2        MCD-WS: TL071SN & TL071TN Current Noise Traces   24                    Example SSM-2017 24.1        Intro 24.2   Recommendations for Adequate Simulation Models of the Three Voltage Noise Generators in Fig. 24.4 24.2.1       Mathematics to calculate the noise of the complete amplifier 24.2.2       Simulation model of the two input voltage noise sources 24.2.3       Simulation model of the input voltage noise source of the 2nd gain stage 24.3   Recommendation for Adequate Simulation Models for the Two Current Noise Generators in Fig. 24.4 24.4   Is it Worth Creating a Simulation Model for SSM-2017’s Noise Purposes? 24.5        What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources? 24.6        The Final SSM2017N Simulation Model 24.7        Test of the Model 24.8        Applications 24.8.1       Microphone amplifier with input load 24.8.2       Summing amplifier 24.8.3       CCIR-1k filter   25                    Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 24 25.1        MCD-WS: SSM2017 Gain & Noise Calculations   26                    Summary 26.1        Contents of this Chapter 26.2        Tables 26.3        Data Sources 26.3.1       BJT-input Devices 26.3.2       FET-input Devices 26.3.3       Special Amplifiers and Additional Remarks

Reviews

It is definitely a valuable resource for anyone interested in accurately simulating the noise of op-amp circuits. (Marcel van de Gevel, audioXpress, audioxpress.com, Vol. 54 (3), March, 2023)

Author Information

Burkhard Vogel achieved the degree Diplom-Ingenieur (Telecommunications) from Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany, in 1973. He then decided to follow a general management career path in the high-tech and IT industry in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. His passion for music and music systems made Mr. Vogel an expert in Phono-Amps and Vinyl Technology. In addition to “Slopes and Levels,” he wrote the RIAA-phono-amp designer guides “The Sound of Silence” and “Balanced Phono-Amps,” rounded up by the triode reference “How to Gain Gain”.

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