Overview

The regulation of plasma ion densities in tokamak fusion reactors is a critical aspect of fusion reaction rate control. Precise regulation of hydrogen and impurity densities, or alternatively electron density and effective atomic number, is required during operation. A common means of actuation toward this end is the use of fast-acting gas valves for the injection of different species. The limitations of these actuation mechanisms introduce nonlinearities and time delays into the control inputs. The inputs must be positive and bounded since the actuators cannot remove particles, but only inject them up to a specific rate. The effective input is also delayed by the time needed for the injected species to ionize and diffuse through the plasma. These input limitations, coupled with the nonlinear dynamics of the controlled variables, can lead to undesired oscillations and instabilities when single-input-single-output (SISO) linear controllers are used. Several multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) controllers are proposed to overcome the undesired behaviors in the simultaneous control of plasma electron density and effective atomic number. Nonlinear controllers are devised using simplified zero-dimensional plasma density models and are tested in zero-dimensional simulations.

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9781243410566

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