Overview

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye condition that primarily affects individuals over the age of 50, leading to the deterioration of the macula the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. AMD is one of the leading causes of vision loss in older adults, and it can have a significant impact on daily life, affecting activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces. There are two main forms of AMD: - Dry AMD (Non-neovascular): The more common form, accounting for about 80-90% of cases. It is characterized by the gradual breakdown of light-sensitive cells in the macula, leading to slow, progressive vision loss. - Wet AMD (Neovascular): This form is less common but more severe. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina, leaking fluid and causing rapid vision loss. Wet AMD is often treatable with injections, but it requires early detection. While the exact cause of AMD remains unclear, several risk factors have been identified, including age, family history, smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, and exposure to ultraviolet light. It is important to understand that AMD does not cause complete blindness, as peripheral vision remains intact; however, central vision can become severely impaired, making it challenging to perform tasks that require detailed vision. The diagnosis of AMD typically involves a comprehensive eye exam, including a visual acuity test, dilated eye exam, and imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography. Early detection is crucial for managing the condition and slowing its progression. While there is no cure for AMD, there are treatments available to manage the disease and improve quality of life. For dry AMD, lifestyle changes such as diet modifications and antioxidant supplementation may help slow progression. For wet AMD, anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) injections have proven effective in halting vision loss and even improving vision in some cases. In this book, we will explore the causes, risk factors, symptoms, and treatments for AMD, along with strategies to manage and preserve vision. Whether you or a loved one is affected by AMD, understanding the condition and available interventions is vital for maintaining eye health and independence as we age.

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