Overview

"A disaster is a natural or man-made occurrence that adversely disturbs human life, livelihood, property, or industry often resulting in everlasting changes to human societies, environment and ecosystems"". As the definition suggests, disasters are highly disruptive events that cause socio-economic damage, poverty, food crisis, destruction of critical infrastructure such as transportation, electricity and even lead to loss of life [1], [2]. Disasters can be caused by naturally occurring events, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, drought, flooding, volcanic eruptions, cyclone, tsunami, or they can be due to man-made events such as nuclear disasters, biological and chemical disasters, fire accidents, terrorism, epidemics etc. Natural disasters cannot be completely prevented. They can be measured and managed to mitigate their impact. Man-made disasters can be reduced/avoided by careful vigilance and management [3]. A Flood is a phenomenon of overflow of water that submerges land - low-lying villages and towns or cities. Flooding may occur from waterbodies like a river or lake or natural water basin or sea. It may occur due to the accumulation of rainwater on a saturated surface. If the flooding occurs due to the overflow of river, it leads to river flooding (Example: 2015 Assam floods due to overflow of Brahmaputra river). Flooding due to overflow of sea/ocean leads to coastal floods. (Example: The 2010 Mumbai floods due to high rainfall coinciding with high tide rise in the Arabian Sea)."

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