Overview

In Rule-Formulation and Binding Precedent in the Madhhab-Law Tradition, Talal Al-Azem argues for the existence of a madhhab-law tradition' of jurisprudence underpinning the four post-classical Sunni schools of law. This tradition celebrated polyvalence by preserving the multiplicity of conflicting opinions within each school, while simultaneously providing a process of rule formulation (tarjih) by which one opinion is chosen as the binding precedent (taqlid). The predominant forum of both activities, he shows, was the legal commentary. Through a careful reading of Ibn Qutlubugha's (d. 879/1474) al-Tashih wa-al-tarjih, Al-Azem presents a new periodisation of the Hanafi madhhab, analyses the theory of rule formulation, and demonstrates how this madhhab-law tradition facilitated both continuity and legal change while serving as the basis of a pluralistic Mamluk judicial system.

Full Product Details

Author:   Talal Al-Azem
Publisher:   Brill
Imprint:   Brill
Volume:   2
Dimensions:   Width: 15.50cm , Height: 2.00cm , Length: 23.50cm
Weight:   0.551kg
ISBN:  

9789004322837

ISBN 10:   9004322833
Pages:   258
Publication Date:   17 November 2016
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order  
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Table of Contents

CO N T E N T S Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Authors 23 A The compendium author: Quduri ... 24 B The commentator: Ibn Qutlubugha ... 37 Chapter 2 History 51 A Ibn Qutlubugha's sources ... 51 B Periodisation ... 53 Period 1: Foundational 'Hanafi' opinions (ca. 150-200) ... 57 Period 2: Formative transmission (ca. 200-300) ... 58 Period 3: Classical consolidation (ca. 300-400) ... 60 Period 4: Tarjih (ca. 400-650) ... 63 Period 5: Tashih (ca. 650-870) ... 79 Who are the 'latter-day jurists' (al-muta'akhkhirun)? ... 87 C Historical geographical patterns ... 90 D Periodisation and the typologies of jurists (tabaqat al-fuqaha') 96 Chapter 3 Theory 105 A Ibn Qutlubugha's introduction to al-Tashih wa-al-tarjih . . 108 B Analysis of the topics ... 118 1 Definitions ... 118 2 The procedures of rule-determinacy ... 125 3 Judicial discretion ... 134 C Arguments for binding precedent ... 137 1 The ethico-religious argument ... 138 2 The argument from legal-system consistency ... 139 3 The argument from legal-system coherence ... 143 4 The argument from strengthened decision-making . . 145 5 The argument from predictability ... 145 viii CO N T E N T S 6 The argument from historical determinism ... 146 D Historical developments ... 149 1 Target audiences: muftis and muftis ... 149 2 Rule-determination (tarjih) vs. rule-review (tashih) . . 150 3 From monist to pluralistic legal systems ... 153 4 Madhhab-law: tradition, system, concurrent jurisdictions 154 E The (lack of) definition of zahir al-riwaya ... 157 Chapter 4 Practice 163 A Ibn Qutlubugha's practice of rule-review ... 163 B The functional relationships of commentary ... 166 To resolve a juristic dispute ... 169 To clarify a point of ambiguity ... 174 To identify the opinion or the transmission used in the rule formulation ... 177 To further expand upon the passage ... 179 To identify an editorial problem in the passage itself ... 187 C Employed legal rhetorical reasoning ... 189 1 Arguments of juristic evidence (dalil) ... 190 2 Arguments of transmission (riwaya) ... 192 3 Arguments of language and logic ... 195 4 Arguments from revelation and the early Muslim community ... 197 5 Arguments from scholarship ... 200 6 Justifications from juristic considerations ... 202 7 Justifications from context ... 207 8 Justifications from exigencies of change and necessity . 209 9 Justifications of lifting difficulty and facilitating ease . 212 10 Justifications of preceding juristic authority ... 214 D Operative principles of rule-determination ... 218 E The degree of congruence between theory and practice . . 229 Conclusion 235 Appendices 243 A The Writings of Quduri 245 B Jurists cited by Ibn Qutlubugha 249 C Works cited by Ibn Qutlubugha 255 CO N T E N T S ix Works Cited 259 Index 271

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Author Information

Talal Al-Azem, DPhil (2011), University of Oxford, is the Mohammed Noah Fellow at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. His research focuses on traditions of law and learning in the medieval and early modern Muslim world.

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