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OverviewWhen considering biosphere–atmosphere exchange of trace gases and volatile aerosols, significant advances have been made both from an experimental and modelling point of view and on several scales. This was particularly stimulated by the availability of new datasets generated from improvements in analytical methods and flux measurement techniques. Recent research advances allow us, not only to identify major mechanisms and factors affecting the exchanges between the biosphere and the atmosphere, but also to recognize several gaps in the methodologies used in accounting for emissions and deposition in landscape and global scale models. This work aims at (i) reviewing exchange processes and modelling schemes, parameterisations and datasets, (ii) presenting a common conceptual framework to model soil-vegetation-atmosphere exchange of reactive trace gases and aerosols accounting for in-canopy transfer chemical interactions and (iii) discussing the key elements of the agreed framework. Full Product DetailsAuthor: Raia Silvia Massad , Benjamin LoubetPublisher: Springer Imprint: Springer Edition: Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2015 Weight: 4.262kg ISBN: 9789402404234ISBN 10: 9402404236 Pages: 235 Publication Date: 23 October 2016 Audience: Professional and scholarly , Professional & Vocational Format: Paperback Publisher's Status: Active Availability: Manufactured on demand  We will order this item for you from a manufactured on demand supplier. Table of ContentsIntroduction Organisation and structure of the workshop Objectives Document structure References Section I: Review documents Advances in understanding, models and parameterisations of biosphere-atmosphere ammonia exchange Modelling atmosphere-biosphere exchange of Ozone and Nitrogen oxides Introduction Sources and sinks processes contributing to biosphere-atmosphere exchange Turbulent transport and diffusion inside the canopy Existing Models Shortcomings and potential improvements of models Data needed for model validations Links to exchange of other reactive compounds and aerosols References Bidirectional exchange of volatile organic compounds Introduction Reduced VOC Atmospheric oxidation products Bidirectional VOC References Surface / atmosphere exchange of atmospheric acids and aerosols, including the effect and model treatment of chemical interactions Introduction Deposition of acids Deposition of aerosols Chemical interactions Topical research questions to be discussed Acknowledgements References Section II: Synthesis according to compounds Modelling the air-surface exchange of ammonia from the field to global scale Introduction Development of improved NH3 process-based bi-directional exchange models Uncertainty in processes and measurement needs Conclusion and model integration References O3 and NOx exchange Introduction Product of the discussion Areas of uncertainty Conclusions References Bi-directional exchange of volatile organic compounds Introduction Current parameterizations in CTMs for reduced VOC and atmospheric oxidation products Gaps and disadvantages of current parameterizations The ideal model Conclusion References Aerosol and Acid Gases< Introduction Products of the Discussion Areas of Uncertainty Conclusions References Section III: Synthesis according to model component Gaseous stomatal exchange and relation to ecosystem functioning Introduction Key processes to account for in stomatal trace gas exchange models Framework of a common conceptual model adapted to different compounds: Stomatal exchange Research needs for future developments Conclusion References Impact of leaf surface and in-canopy air chemistry on the ecosystem/atmosphere exchange of atmospheric pollutants Introduction Current status and knowledge gaps Possibility of a common framework References Soil and litter exchange of reactive trace gases Introduction Products of the Discussion Areas of uncertainty Conclusions References In-canopy turbulence - State of the art and potential improvements Introduction Current parameterisations of in-canopy turbulence Disadvantages of current parameterisations Ways to improve parameterisations of in-canopy turbulence The development of a conceptual in-canopy turbulence model that can be integrated into a chemical transport model (CTM) Conclusions References A common conceptual modelling framework for reactive trace gases and volatile aerosols atmosphere-biosphere exchange in chemical transport models General model requirements The ideal model for each compound Ammonia Nitrogen oxides and ozone Aerosol and acid gases Volatile organic compounds (VOC) Emerging common features in the modelling framework A new paradigm of bi-directional dynamic exchange Model components Model structure and modularity Links with external drivers and models A first basis for a common framework Conclusions and key challenges Acknowledgement body>ReviewsAuthor InformationTab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |
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