Overview

Advancements in global space launch technology call for India's launch vehicles to become more reusable and versatile. This project proposes redesigning the GSLV Mk3 by replacing S200 solid boosters with reusable LOX/kerosene boosters and adding boost-back and vertical landing to the first stage. The second stage is optimized for partial or full recovery, while the C25 cryogenic upper stage is upgraded for better efficiency to support GTO, LEO, and interplanetary missions. Calculations cover thrust, mass ratios, specific impulse, gravity and drag losses, and overall Δv budgets. Trajectory simulations using GPOPS-II optimize ascent profiles and reduce performance losses. Structural analysis ensures vehicle integrity under aerodynamic and re-entry stresses. Focus is on lightweight materials, improved thermal protection, and aerodynamic control for precision landing. This redesign aims to lower costs, increase launch frequency, and expand ISRO's mission capabilities. Challenges include thermal management, hypersonic control, and landing reliability. The project envisions next-generation Indian launch vehicles with global competitiveness and sustainable space access.

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