Overview

In Regional Cooperation in Amazonia: A Comparative Environmental Law Analysis, Maria Antonia Tigre provides a broad overview of the international, regional and national law applied to the Amazon rainforest and investigates efforts at regional cooperation for the protection of the Amazonian ecosystem. For the last four decades, cooperation among the eight countries in which the rainforest lies was primarily induced by the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (ACT). Originally adopted to ensure national sovereignty, the ACT gradually evolved towards a framework for sustainable development. Based on the challenges faced by the treaty and its subsequent instruments, Maria Antonia Tigre analyzes ways in which the ACT can be more effectively applied, leading to practical results that reduce deforestation. These specifically relate to the enforceability of the right to the environment, the implementation of protected areas, and the development of financial mechanisms to fund initiatives.

Full Product Details

Author:   Maria Antonia Tigre
Publisher:   Brill
Imprint:   Martinus Nijhoff
Volume:   13
Weight:   1.069kg
ISBN:  

9789004313491

ISBN 10:   9004313494
Pages:   580
Publication Date:   15 September 2017
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order  
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Table of Contents

Preface Acknowledgments List of Illustrations Abbreviations and Acronyms 1 Introduction 1.1 Geography of Amazonia 1.2 How to Define Amazonia 1.3 About This Book 2 History of Amazonia and Amazonian Deforestation 2.1 Occupation before Colonization 2.2 European Colonization 2.3 Independence 2.4 Military Regimes and Amazonian Occupation to Protect Borders 2.5 Reestablished Democracies 2.6 Conclusion 3 Threats to the Amazon Rainforest: Deforestation and Climate Change 3.1 Deforestation 3.2 Causes of Deforestation 3.2 Climate Change and Amazonia 3.4 Emissions in Amazonia 3.5 Conclusion 4 Early forms of Regional Cooperation: From Bilateral Agreements to Regional Integration 4.1 International Boundaries, Free Navigation, and Border Security 4.2 Environmental Agenda at the Global Level 4.3 Bilateral Agreements and the Idea for Binational Parks 4.4 Foundations of Regional Cooperation 4.5 Negotiations for an Amazon Club 4.6 Conclusion 5 First Period of Cooperation Within the act's Framework (1978-1989): The Defensive-Protectionist Phase 5.1 Principles of the Act 5.2 Territorial Scope of the Act 5.3 Duration, Reservation and Dispute Resolution 5.4 Member Countries' Rights 5.5 Member Countries' Duties 5.6 Ratification 5.7 Institutional Structure of the act 5.8 Initial Development of Cooperation 5.9 Developments in International Forest Law 5.10 Conclusion 6 Second Period of Cooperation within the act's Framework (1989-1994): Boost and Political Strengthening 6.1 1989 Manaus Declaration 6.2 1992 Manaus Declaration 6.3 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (unced), Rio de Janeiro 6.4 Forest Certification 6.5 Institutional Development 6.6 Conclusion 7 Third Period of Cooperation within the act's Framework (1995-2002): Institutional Maturity 7.1 Institutional Development 7.2 The Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization 7.3 Financial Mechanism and External Assistance 7.4 Environmental Agenda 7.5 Developments in International Forest Law 7.6 Conclusion 8 Fourth Period of Cooperation Within the act's Framework (2002-2009): Institutional Visibility 8.1 Institutional Development 8.2 The 2004-2012 Strategic Plan 8.3 Implementation of the Strategic Agenda 8.4 Institutional Crisis 8.5 Environmental Agenda 8.6 Developments in International Forest Law 8.7 Conclusion 9 Fifth Period of Cooperation within the act's Framework (2009-2017): Revitalizing the acto 9.1 Relaunch of the acto 9.2 Strategic Agenda of Amazon Cooperation (aeca) 9.3 Implementation of the Strategic Agenda 9.4 Environmental Agenda 9.5 Developments in International Forest Law 9.6 Conclusion 10 Critical Analysis of the act/acto 10.1 Should Forests be Regulated at the Regional Level? An Analysis of Forest Regulation at the Global, Regional, and National Levels 10.2 Is the acto the Appropriate Forum 10.3 How Can the acto Achieve Tangible Results 10.4 Experience from Brazil 10.5 Conclusion 11 Environmental Protection 11.1 Gaps in Regional Cooperation 11.2 Substantive Right to the Environment 11.3 Individual Duty to Protect the Environment 11.4 State's Duty to Protect the Environment 11.5 Balance between Economic Development and Environmental Protection 11.6 Constitutional Protection of the Amazon Rainforest 11.7 Conclusion 12 Protected Areas 12.1 Protected Areas and Indigenous Territories in Amazon Countries 12.2 Deforestation in Protected Areas and Indigenous Territories 12.3 The Case for a Regional Effort for Protected Areas 12.4 Existing Regional Approaches for Protected Areas 12.5 Brazil's Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (Arpa) 12.6 Transboundary Protected Areas (tba) 12.7 Privately Protected Areas 12.8 Conclusion 13 Financial Mechanisms 13.1 Colombia's Amazon Vision 13.2 Brazil's Amazon Fund 13.3 Guyana-Norway Partnership 13.4 Ecuador's Yasuni-itt Initiative 13.5 Socio Bosque Program in Ecuador 13.6 Conclusion 14 Stakeholders in Amazonia 14.1 Relevance of Stakeholders 14.2 Environmental Institutions in Amazon Countries 14.3 Amazonian Research Institutions 14.4 National Institutions Participating in Regional Cooperation 14.5 Participation of Third Parties and the Role of Multiple Stakeholders 14.6 Conclusion Appendices Appendix 1: Amazon Cooperation Treaty Appendix 2: Protocol of Amendment of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty appendix 3: Declarations of Presidents of Amazon Countries Bibliography Index

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Author Information

Maria Antonia Tigre, LL.M. (2014), Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University, is a senior environmental attorney at the Cyrus R. Vance Center for International Justice. She has published articles on the legal frameworks of forest-rich countries and climate change, including Cooperation for Climate Mitigation in Amazonia: Brazil's Emerging Role as a Regional Leader (2016).

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