Overview

This book addresses the application of Raman spectroscopic techniques to a range of diverse problems which arise in the study, conservation and restoration of artefacts and sites closely related to our cultural heritage as well as in authentication. These themes are naturally wider than what at first might be considered as artworks and archaeological artefacts and the topics include pigments, paintings, ceramics, glass, sculpture and patination / corrosion, textiles, industrial archaeology, the degradation and preservation of biomaterials, mummies and human skeletal remains. An interesting feature is the inclusion of modern case studies which describe specific problems and approaches to the Raman spectral analysis of items important to our cultural heritage. The text is prefaced with an introduction to the important parameters used in nondestructive Raman measurements and also highlights some future applications based upon novel miniaturised instrumentation for in-field studies andpotential screening work which will identify specimens which would repay further studies in the laboratory. An attempt is made to give a snapshot of the state-of-the-art evolution since the beginning of the technique (1970s) and to point out potential further development. The book is co-edited by three international experts with many years' experience in the application of Raman spectroscopy to artworks, archaeological artefacts and in the investigation of materials and sites for cultural heritage preservation and each editor has undertaken to write individual chapters and different topics personally. The adopted approach is designed to convey the sort of information which has become available from the adoption of analytical Raman spectroscopy to different problems in the field of cultural heritage preservation through the spectral interrogation of artefacts and how the interpretation of the spectral data can assist museum curators, archaeologists and cultural heritage historians in the preservation and conservation of ancient materials and sites : a particular advantage in this respect is the ability of Raman spectroscopy to determine –generally in a strictly noninvasive procedure - at the laboratory or on-site with mobile instruments, the presence of both organic and inorganic components in a particular specimen together nondestructively without any chemical and mechanical pretreatment being undertaken, which is an essential requirement for rare and valuable samples . An important aside from this work is the means of spectral identification of ongoing biodeterioration and biological colonisation in specimens in storage and the effects of environmental deterioration such as humidity and temperature upon their integrity.

Full Product Details

Author:   Howell G. M. Edwards ,  Peter Vandenabeele ,  Philippe Colomban
Publisher:   Springer International Publishing AG
Imprint:   Springer International Publishing AG
Edition:   1st ed. 2023
Weight:   1.105kg
ISBN:  

9783031143786

ISBN 10:   3031143787
Pages:   493
Publication Date:   14 October 2022
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Manufactured on demand  
We will order this item for you from a manufactured on demand supplier.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Foreword Chapter 2: Historical Overview 2.1. References Chapter 3: Theory and Understanding 3.1. History 3.2. The Raman Effect 3.3. Instrumentation 3.4. Understanding and Assignment of Raman Spectral Signatures 3.4.1. Peak Wavenumbers and Assignment 3.4.2. Peak Intensity and Assignment 3.4.3. Molecular and Physical Description of Vibrational Modes 3.4.4. Implication for Spatial Resolution 3.4.5. Symmetry and Peak Numbers 3.4.6. Laser Choice and Resonance Effects 3.4.7. Raman Tensors and Polarization 3.4.8. Background subtraction 3.5. Databases; Advantages and drawbacks 3.6. References Chapter 4: Combination of RS and Other Techniques 4.1. Optical Microscopy and the First RM 4.2. Scanning and Transmission EM 4.3. Castaing Microprobe 4.4. Other Couplings 4.5. References Chapter 5: Pigments, Dyes and Coloured Agents 5.1. Arts and Colours 5.2. Raman Determination of Coloured Agents 5.3. Coloured Agents , Dyes and Pigments 5.4. From Alchemy to Chemical Industry 5.5. Advantages and Drawbacks of Raman Microscopy 5.5.1. Smalt or Lapis Lazuli ? 5.5.2. Natural or Synthetic Ultramarine 5.5.3. High Detectivity 5.5.4. Elimination of Wrong Conclusions from EA 5.5.5. Identification of Organic Dyes 5.6. Non-destructive and Non-invasive Procedures 5.7. SERS and Associated Techniques 5.8. Data treatment 5.9. Degradation and Conservation 5.10, Dating 5.11 References Chapter 6: Cultural Heritage Meets Art Forensics 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Case Study 1 : Disappearing Amber 6.3. Case Study 2 : Cat with Enigmatic Smile 6.4. Case Study 3 : Ming Porcelain 6.5. Case Study 4 : Analysis Baffles Expert Opinion 6.6. Case Study 5 : Insect Trapped in Amber 6.7. Summary 6.8. References Chapter 7: Jewellery and Gemstones 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Phase identification and Characterisation 7.3. Provenance Studies 7.4. Distinguishing gems from Glass and Fakes 7.5. Modern Synthetic gems 7.6. Case Studies 7.6.1. Jade 7.6.2. Corals, Pearls, Mother of Pearl 7.6.3. Ivory 7.6.4. Ambers and Natural Resins 7.7. On site Spectroscopy of Gems 7.8. References Chapter 8: Cave Paintings and Rock Art 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Rock Art and Cave Sites Studied by Raman Spectroscopy 8.3. Information from Raman Spectral Data for Cultural Heritage Preservation 8.4. References Chapter 9: From Frescoes to Paintings 9.1 Efficiency of Raman Microscopy 9.2. Procedures and Artefacts 9.3. Pigments and Dyes 9.4. Examples of Procedures: Measurements at the Laboratory and On-Site 9.5. Colour Fading and Degradation 9.6. Conclusions 9.7. References Chapter 10 : Analytical Raman Spectroscopy of Manuscripts and Maps : The Role of Inks 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Origin and Composition of Carbon Black and Iron Gall Inks 10.3. Iron Gall Ink and Manuscript Deterioration 10.4. Coloured Inks 10.5. The Deterioration of Ancient Inks 10.6. Case Studies 10.6.1. The Vinland Map 10.6.2. The Beato de Valcavado Manuscript 10.6.3. The Cercelli Gospels and the Gospel of Judas 10.7. Conclusions 10.8 References Chapter 11 : Patina , Corrosion and Conservation Treatment 11.1. Mechanisms of Corrosion and Patination 11.2. Patinas and Their Raman Signatures 11.3. Stability Towards Corrosion 11.3.1. Iron-Based Artefacts 11.3.2. Stones and Buildings 11.3.3. Glass 11.4. Conservation Treatment 11.5. Perspectives 11.6. References Chapter 12 : Glass , Pottery , Enamelled Artefacts 12.1. Introduction 12.2. XO4 vibrations and the Raman Signatures Of Crystalline and glassy Silicates 12.2.1. Structure and Raman Signature Relationship 12.3. The Different Glass Compositions : A Brief Historical Survey 12.4. Glass Raman Fingerprint and Resonance Raman Effect 12.5. Glass Weathering , Dating and Conservation 12.6. Mobile Raman Spectroscopy 12.7. Multivariate Analysis 12.8. Recognising Technology Milestones : Tracing the Exchanges and Case Studies 12.8.1. Blue and Green Glass Coloured with Lapis Lazuli 12.8.2. Yellow and Green Colours 12.8.3. Trade Glass Beads 12.9 References Chapter 13 : Archaeology of Biomaterials : Mummies , Ivories, Resins and Textiles 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Archaeological Specimens I : Mummies and Skeletal Remains 13.2.1. Mummified Tissues 13.2.1.1. Tomb of the Two Brothers 13.2.1.2. Otzi, the Alpine Ice-Man 13.2.1.3. The Qilakitsoq and Chiribaya Ice Mummies 13.2.1.4. The Beni Hassan Cat Mummy 13.2.1.5. The Antarctic Emperor Penguin Mummy 13.2.2. Human Skeletal Remains 13.2.2.1. The Anglesey Dark Ages Cist Burial 13.2.2.2. Gristhorpe Man 13.2.2.3. A Sambaqui Burial and Ochred Bones 13.2.2.4. A Change of Coffin : Analytical Spectral Information from Hair 13.3. Archaeological Specimens II : Functional or Decorative Items 13.3.1. Ivories 13.3.2. Resins, Gums, Waxes 13.3.2.1. Ambers and Copals 13.3.2.2. Dragon’s Blood 13.3.2.3. Frankincense , Myrrh and Pine Resins 13.3.2.4. Contents of Chests from Marine Excavations 13.4. Textiles 13.4.1. The HMS Victory Sail 13.4.2. Mummy Linens 13.5. Conclusions 13.6. References Chapter 14 : Raman Spectroscopy and Industrial Archaeology 14.1. Introduction 14.2. The Role of Analytical Chemistry 14.3. Raman Spectroscopy and the Analysis of Industrial Archaeology 14.3.1. Abandoned Mine of a Previously Indeterminate Purpose 14.3.2. Unexpected Hazards in Mines (St Joachimstahl and St Austell ) 14.3.3. Nantgarw China Works Waste Pit 14.4. The Use of Portable Raman Spectroscopic Instrumentation 14.5. References Chapter 15 : Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of a Putative Century Oil Painting Depicting William Shakespeare 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Experimental 15.3. Results of the Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of the Pigments 15.4. Interpretation of the Raman Spectral Data 15.5. Conclusions 15.6. References Chapter 16 : “Noli Me Tangere” : A renaissance Original ? A Holistic Analytical Spectroscopic Challenge. 16.1. Introduction 16.2. Compositional Study of the Works of Art on a “Noli Me Tangere” Theme 16.2.1. Historical Basis of the Artworks 16.2.2. The Nine Works of Art Comprising this Comparative Study 16.2.3. compositional Details Under Consideration 16.3. Results and Conclusions 16.4. References Chapter 17 : A Case Study. Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Welsh Porcelains 17.1. Introduction 17.2. Experimental 17.2.1. Specimens 17.2.2. Spectroscopic Instrumentation 17.2.3. Previous Analytical Work 17.3 . Results and Discussion 17.3.1. Nantgarw and Swansea Porcelains : Statements for Verification 17.3.2. Porcelain Body Chemistry in the Kiln 17.3.3. Nantgarw 200 Porcelain 17.3.4. Raman Spectroscopic Results 17.3.4.1. Summary of Analytical Results on Nantgarw Porcelain Porcelains 17.4. References Chapter 18 : Case Study : In-Field and On-Site Raman Spectroscopic Analysis 18.1. Why On-Site Analysis? 18.2. Instrumental Requirements and On-Site Procedures 18.3. The Role of Optics 18.4. Stand-Off Raman Spectroscopy 18.5. Protection from Ambient Light 18.6. Examples and Perspectives 18.7. References Chapter 19: Case Study : Non-Invasively Documenting the Transfer of Enamelling Technology form Europe to China and Japan. The role of the Jesuits in the 17th Century 19.1. The Quest for Chinese Porcelain 19.2. The Response of European Potters 19.3. The European and Chinese Technologies of Enamelling 19.4. The Jesuit Missions in Japan and China 19.5. The Contribution of Raman Microscopy 19.6. Raman Identification of European Recipes /Ingredients In Chinese Cloisonees and Painted Enamel Wares 19.7. Application to Chinese Productions 19.8. Conclusions and Perspectives 19.9. References Chapter 20: Case Study : The Shroud of Turin - Iconic Relic or Fake ? The Role of Raman spectroscopic Analysis in its Forensic Appraisal 20.1. Introduction 20.2. The Early Scientific Evidence Relating to the Turin Shroud 20.3. Recent Scientific Studies of the Turin Shroud Materials 20.4. Raman Spectroscopy and the Shroud of Turin 20.5. References Chapter 21: Case Study : A Unique Rockingham English Porcelain Table . A Holistic Forensic Analysis. 21.1. The Rockingham Porcelain Manufactory 21.2. Analyses of Rockingham Porcelain 21.3. Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of the Porcelain Table Top 21.3.1. Background History of Wentworth Castle 21.4. Conclusions 21.5. References Chapter 22: A Little Knowledge is Dangerous Thing. A Miscellany of Faux-Pas in the Cultural Heritage Of Literature 22.1. Preface 22.2. Introduction 22.3. Classical Literature in Cultural Heritage 22.3.1. Wilkie Collins – Armadale 22.3.1.1. Literary Background 22.3.2. Charles Dickens - A Tale of Two Cities 22.3.3. Ross King – Ex-Libris 22.3.4. Anthony Horowitz – The house of Silk . The New Sherlock Holmes Novel. 22.3.5. Agatha Christie – Various Novels 22.4. References Chapter 23: Raman Analysis: What is Straightforward, What is Difficult and Future Perspectives. Glossary List of Acronyms Index

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Author Information

Professor Howell G.M. Edwards M.A., B.Sc., D. Phil., C.Chem., FRSC. Howell Edwards is Professor Emeritus of Molecular Spectroscopy at the University of Bradford. He read Chemistry at Jesus College in the University of Oxford and after completing his B.A. and B.Sc. degrees he studied for his doctorate in Raman spectroscopy at Oxford with Dr Leonard Woodward and then became a Research Fellow at Jesus College, University of Cambridge. He joined the University of Bradford as a Lecturer in Structural and Inorganic Chemistry, becoming Head of the Department of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, and was awarded a Personal Chair in Molecular Spectroscopy in 1996. He has received several international awards (Sir Harold Thompson Award; Charles Mann Award; Emanuel Boricky Medal; Norman Sheppard Award) in a spectroscopic career which has resulted in the publication of over 1350 research papers in Raman spectroscopy and the characterisation of materials, along with six books on the application of this analytical technique to art, archaeology and forensic science. He has had a lifelong interest in porcelains and the industrial archaeology , excavation and the preservation of early porcelain manufactory sites , many of which have now disappeared in urban expansion .He has authored six major books on porcelains and has also produced several monographs on the manufactories at Swansea and Nantgarw and the people associated with them. Howell Edwards is Honorary Scientific Adviser to the de Brecy Trust on the scientific evaluation of their artworks and paintings. Professor Philippe Colomban, ENSCI engineer, M.Sc., Docteur es-Sciences Physiques. Philippe Colomban is CNRS Research Director Emeritus at Sorbonne Université. After an MSc in Ceramics, Glass & Cement Engineering (ENSCI-Sèvres) in 1975 and a MSc in Solid State Physics at Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie in 1976, Philippe Colomban obtained in 1979 the Ph.D. Hab. degree (Docteur es-Sciences Physiques) from the Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie. He was one of the first in the world to develop Sol-Gel routes for advanced optoelectronic PLZT ceramics. He prepared single crystals, ceramics and studied their superionic conductors’ structure and ion and proton mobility. From 1989 to 1993 he was in charge of the new projects at the Materials Department of ONERA, the French Establishment for Aerospace Research and Development (materials for rockets and missiles, aircraft engines, Sol-Gel routes, ceramic- or polymer-matrix composites, fibres, nanoparticle-based microwave absorbing materials and Functionally Graded composites…) and worked as Consultant at the ONERA for 10 further years. From 1994 to the present, as CNRS Research Professor his research interests include Materials Science and Raman, IR and neutron spectroscopy (in situ analysis, fuel cells, electrolysis, fibres/composites…). Attention is paid to the correlation between Raman parameters and mechanical and electrical (ionic, electronic) properties…as well to the identification of the technology used in ancient ceramics, glasses, paintings and buildings. Ph. Colomban has published two books, more than 500 peer-reviewed papers, many book chapters and has applied for 10 patents; he has presented more than 100 invited talks and was visiting professor in Japan, Korea, South Africa, and Tunisia. He is Associated Editor of the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy and member of several Editorial Boards of journals devoted to Spectroscopy, Materials Science or Archaeometry. Professor Peter Vandenabeele, is a professor at Ghent University and head of the Raman spectroscopy research group. He is a doctor in analytical chemistry and has performed research on applications of Raman spectroscopy in several research fields, including cultural heritage artefacts. He is member of the department of Archaeology at Ghent University and an associated member of the department of Chemistry at the same institution. His main research topics involve novel applications of Raman spectroscopy, especially involving the development and application of mobile instrumentation. Until the present time, Peter Vandenabeele has co-authored 170+ research papers and several books on this research topic and often gives invited presentations at international conferences.

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