Overview

The prostate gland, a small walnut-shaped gland found in front of the rectum and below the bladder in men, is the site of cancer development known as prostate cancer. The prostate gland secretes seminal fluid, which carries and nourishes sperm. Prostate cancer develops when normally functioning cells in the prostate gland acquire mutations and begin to multiply uncontrollably, resulting in a tumour. The tumour can expand and invade neighbouring tissues, lymph nodes, and bones over time. Although some forms of prostate cancer are extremely dangerous, it is nonetheless one of the most prevalent malignancies in males. While a slow-growing prostate cancer may not pose any serious health risks, a cancer that spreads quickly may be much more dangerous. Age (risk rises with age), a history of the disease in the family, being of African American descent, and specific genetic abnormalities are all variables that raise a man's likelihood of developing prostate cancer. Some men may have no noticeable symptoms of prostate cancer until it has progressed significantly. However, when the cancer develops, symptoms may include incontinence, a decreased urine output, blood in the urine or sperm, impotence, discomfort in the hips, back, chest, or bones, and a lack of erectile function. Additional diagnostic testing, such as a PSA blood test, digital rectal exam, or prostate biopsy, may be performed if prostate cancer is suspected. The extent to which the prostate cancer has spread and how aggressive it is, as well as the patient's general condition, are all important considerations when deciding on a course of treatment. Surgery to remove the prostate gland (prostatectomy), radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy may be used to treat prostate cancer. Men should consult their doctors about the potential benefits and drawbacks of prostate cancer screening and treatment in order to make well-informed decisions. The prognosis for prostate cancer improves with early diagnosis and therapy.

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