Overview

Power System SCADA and Smart Grids brings together in one concise volume the fundamentals and possible application functions of power system supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). The text begins by providing an overview of SCADA systems, evolution, and use in power systems and the data acquisition process. It then describes the components of SCADA systems, from the legacy remote terminal units (RTUs) to the latest intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), data concentrators, and master stations, as well as: * Examines the building and practical implementation of different SCADA systems * Offers a comprehensive discussion of the data communication, protocols, and media usage * Covers substation automation (SA), which forms the basis for transmission, distribution, and customer automation * Addresses distribution automation and distribution management systems (DA/DMS) and energy management systems (EMS) for transmission control centers * Discusses smart distribution, smart transmission, and smart grid solutions such as smart homes with home energy management systems (HEMs), plugged hybrid electric vehicles, and more Power System SCADA and Smart Grids is designed to assist electrical engineering students, researchers, and practitioners alike in acquiring a solid understanding of SCADA systems and application functions in generation, transmission, and distribution systems, which are evolving day by day, to help them adapt to new challenges effortlessly. The book reveals the inner secrets of SCADA systems, unveils the potential of the smart grid, and inspires more minds to get involved in the development process.

Full Product Details

Author:   Mini S. Thomas ,  John Douglas McDonald
Publisher:   Taylor & Francis Ebooks
Imprint:   CRC Press
ISBN:  

9781482226751

ISBN 10:   1482226758
Pages:   335
Publication Date:   13 March 2015
Audience:   General/trade ,  College/higher education ,  General ,  Tertiary & Higher Education
Format:   Electronic book text
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order  
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Table of Contents

Preface The Authors Power System Automation Introduction Evolution of Automation Systems History of Automation Systems Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems Components of SCADA Systems SCADA Applications SCADA in Power Systems SCADA Basic Functions SCADA Application Functions Advantages of SCADA in Power Systems Deferred Capital Expenditure Optimized Operation and Maintenance Costs Equipment Condition Monitoring (ECM) Sequence of Events (SOE) Recording Power Quality Improvement Data Warehousing for Power Utilities Power System Field Transmission and Distribution Systems Customer Premises Types of Data and Signals in Power Systems Flow of Data from the Field to the SCADA Control Center Organization of the Book Summary Bibliography SCADA Fundamentals Introduction Open System: Need and Advantages Building Blocks of SCADA Systems Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) Evolution of RTUs Components of RTU Communication Subsystem Logic Subsystem Termination Subsystem Testing and Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Subsystem Power Supplies Advanced RTU Functionalities Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) Evolution of IEDs IED Functional Block Diagram Hardware and Software Architecture of the IED IED Communication Subsystem IED Advanced Functionalities Tools for Settings, Commissioning, and Testing Programmable LCD Display Typical IEDs Data Concentrators and Merging Units RTUs, IEDs, and Data Concentrator Merging Units and IEDs SCADA Communication Systems Master Station Master Station Software Components Master Station Hardware Components Server Systems in the Master Station Small, Medium, and Large Master Stations Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Master Station Performance Human-Machine Interface (HMI) HMI Components HMI Software Functionalities Situational Awareness Intelligent Alarm Filtering: Need and Technique Alarm Suppression Techniques Operator Needs and Requirements Building the SCADA Systems, Legacy, Hybrid, and New Systems Classification of SCADA Systems Single Master-Single Remote Single Master-Multiple RTU Multiple Master-Multiple RTUs Single Master, Multiple Submaster, Multiple Remote SCADA Implementation: A Laboratory Model The SCADA Laboratory System Hardware System Software SCADA Lab Field Design Case Studies in SCADA Kentucky Utility Fires Up Its First SCADA System Ketchikan Public Utilities Finds Solutions to Outdated, Proprietary RTUs Overwhelmed by Alarms: The Blackout Puts Filtering and Suppression Technologies in the Spotlight North Carolina Municipal Power Agency Boosts Revenue by Replacing SCADA Summary Bibliography SCADA Communication Introduction SCADA Communication Requirements Smart Grid Communication Infrastructure Quality of Services (QoS) Interoperability Scalability Security Standardization SCADA Communication Topologies Point to Point and Multi-Drop Bus Topology Ring Topology Star Topology Mesh Topology Data Flow: Simplex and Duplex SCADA Data Communication Techniques Master-Slave Peer-to-Peer Multi-Peer (Broadcast and Multicast) Data Communication Components of a Data Communication System Transmission of Digital Signals Modes of Digital Data Communication Error Detection Techniques Media Access Control (MAC) Techniques SCADA Communication Protocol Architecture OSI Seven-Layer Model Enhanced Performance Architecture (EPA) Model TCP/IP Model Evolution of SCADA Communication Protocols SCADA and Smart Grid Protocols Modbus IEC 60870-5-101/103/104 Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) Inter-Control Center Protocol (ICCP) Ethernet IEC 61850 IEEE C37.118: Synchrophasor Standard Wireless Technologies for Home Automation Protocols in the Power System: Deployed and Evolving Media for SCADA and Smart Grid Communication Guided Media Twisted Pair Coaxial (Coax) Metallic Cable Optical Fiber Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) Telephone-Based Systems Unguided (Wireless) Media Satellite Communication Radio (VHF, UHF, Spread Spectrum) Microwaves Cell Phone Paging Communication Media: Utility Owned versus Leased Security for SCADA and Smart Grid Communication Challenges for SCADA and Smart Grid Communication Summary Bibliography Substation Automation (SA) Substation Automation: Why? Why Now? Deregulation and Competition Development of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) Enterprise-Wide Interest in Information from IEDs Implementation and Acceptance of Standards Construction Cost Savings and Reduction in Physical Complexity Conventional Substations: Islands of Automation New Smart Devices for Substation Automation IEDs New Instrument Transformers with Digital Interface Intelligent Breaker Merging Units (MUs) The New Integrated Digital Substation Levels of Automation in a Substation Architecture Functional Data Paths Data Warehouse Substation Automation: Technical Issues System Responsibilities System Architecture Substation Host Processor Substation LAN User Interface Communications Interfaces Protocol Considerations The New Digital Substation Process Level Protection and Control Level Station Bus and Station Level Substation Automation Architectures Legacy Substation Automation System Digital Substation Automation Design New versus Existing Substations Drivers of Transition Migration Paths and the Steps Involved Value of Standards in Substation Automation Substation Automation (SA) Application Functions Integrated Protection Functions: Traditional Approach and IED-Based Approach Automation Functions Enterprise-Level Application Functions Data Analysis: Benefits of Data Warehousing Benefits of Data Analysis to Utilities Problems in Data Analysis Ways to Handle Data Knowledge Extraction Techniques SA Practical Implementation: Substation Automation Laboratory Hardware Design of the SA Laboratory Software Components of the SA Laboratory Mitigation from Old Technology to the New Technology Case Studies in Substation Automation Summary Bibliography Energy Management Systems (EMS) for Control Centers Introduction Operating States of the Power System and Sources of Grid Vulnerability Energy Control Centers Energy Management Systems (EMS): Why and What and Challenges Energy Management Systems Evolution EMS Framework EMS Time Frames EMS Software Applications and Data Flow Data Acquisition and Communication (SCADA Systems) Generation Operation and Management Load Forecasting Unit Commitment Hydrothermal Coordination Real-Time Economic Dispatch and Reserve Monitoring Real-Time Automatic Generation Control Transmission Operations and Management: Real Time Network Configuration and Topology Processors State Estimation Contingency Analysis Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow Islanding of Power Systems Study-Mode Simulations Network Modeling Power Flow Analysis Short-Circuit Analysis Post-Event Analysis and Energy Scheduling and Accounting Energy Scheduling and Accounting Event Analysis Energy Service Providers Dispatcher Training Simulator Smart Transmission Phasor Measurement Unit Phasor Quantity and Time Synchronization PMU-PDC System Architecture Applications of PMU WAMS (Wide-Area Monitoring System) EMS with WAMS Future Trends in EMS and DMS with WAMS Case Studies in EMS and WAMS Summary Bibliography Distribution Automation and Distribution Management (DA/DMS) Systems Overview of Distribution Systems Introduction to Distribution Automation Customer Automation Feeder Automation Substation Automation Subsystems in a Distribution Control Center Distribution Management Systems (DMSs) Outage Management Systems (OMS) CIS (Customer Information System) GIS (Geographical Information System) AMS (Asset Management System) AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) DMS Framework: Integration with Subsystems Common Information Model (CIM) DMS Application Functions Advanced Real-Time DMS Applications Topology Processing (TP) Integrated Volt-Var Control (IVVC) Fault Detection, Isolation, and Service Restoration (FDIR) Distribution Load Flow Distribution State Estimation (SE) and Load Estimation Advanced Analytical DMS Applications Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration Optimal Capacitor Placement Other Applications DMS Coordination with Other Systems Integration with Outage Management Systems (OMS) Integration with AMI Customer Automation Functions Social Media Usage for Improved Reliability and Customer Satisfaction Replacing Truck Rolls Tying It All Together Routing Signals DMS in Outage Management Future Trends in DA and DMS Case Studies in DA and DMS Summary Bibliography Smart Grid Concepts Introduction Smart Grid Definition and Development Old Grid versus New Grid Stakeholders in Smart Grid Development Smart Grid Solutions Asset Optimization Demand Optimization Distribution Optimization Smart Meter and Communications Transmission Optimization Workforce and Engineering Optimization Smart Grid Road Map Smart Distribution Demand-Side Management and Demand Response Distributed Energy Resource and Energy Storage Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Smart Homes with Home Energy Management Systems (HEMs) Plugged Hybrid Electric Vehicles Microgrids Smart Transmission Lessons Learned in Deployment of Smart Grid Technologies Lessons on Technology Lessons on Implementation and Deployment Lessons on Project Management: Building a Collaborative Management Team Share Lessons Learned The Lessons Continue Case Studies in Smart Grid PG&E Improves Information Visibility Present and Future Integration of Diagnostic Equipment Monitoring Accelerated Deployment of Smart Grid Technologies in India: Present Scenario, Challenges, and Way Forward Summary Bibliography Glossary Index

Reviews

As a power system operator having nearly four decades of experience and as an end user of the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, I have always found the available literature on SCADA as limited and in the form of documents by vendors or in the form of research papers. This book is a first of its kind in the sense that it is 'vendor neutral' and very lucidly brings out various fundamental concepts related to SCADA. The book provides an excellent reference material both for beginners and practicing professionals. I would strongly recommend the book to all power system engineers as an essential reference material. ... It provides an understanding of the historical and legacy systems as well as an insight into the new technologies. Automation is the key to the future, and the book appropriately delves into this aspect. -Sushil Kumar Soonee, Power System Operation Corporation, New Delhi, India The authors cover all of the building blocks and detailed functionality of electric power SCADA systems, including a good deal of legacy hardware and older techniques. This is important because most large existing systems contain a mix of new and old equipment, with the latter being very poorly documented and therefore hard for newcomers in the field to understand. I would recommend this book to college students/new graduates as well as professionals coming from other industries who want to understand how electric power SCADA got to where it is, why it is evolving into new technologies, and what types of real-world challenges they will be encountering. -Michael Thesing, Patterson & Dewar Engineers, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA Each topic, like 'SCADA system' and 'remote terminal unit' (RTU), has been introduced with a simple block diagram showing the various components followed by description of each component thereof. This approach will immensely help the student to learn the topic easily and systematically. Photographs of actual (commercially available) products like RTUs and relay intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) make the book very useful to students who are about to enter the engineering profession and to practicing engineers. ... Advanced topics like 'alarm suppression techniques' and 'intelligent electronic devices' have been dealt with thoroughly. A laboratory implementation of SCADA, named 'SCADA lab', will be very useful as a learning model to students and as a research model to researchers. A full chapter on 'SCADA communications' does justice to this topic. The following topics are very well addressed in the book: small, medium, and large master stations; software modules of master stations; and human-machine interface (HMI) hardware components and software functionalities. ... Issues like 'open' and 'proprietary' systems and 'message security' enhance the value of this book. 'Case studies in SCADA systems' give an insight into the practical SCADA systems. The concepts of 'single master - single RTU', 'single master - multiple RTU', and 'multiple master - multiple RTU' have been explained with simple block schematics. ... The authors have a long experience of teaching the subject and working in the area, and ... the book has been written well. ... In my view, there was a long-felt need for a book of this type. The book does full justice to the subject of SCADA. -HK Verma, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India The book is well written and well organized with good details to describe the basic concepts and key features of SCADA systems, including the overall system architecture, key components, functionalities, and the applications, as well as the adjacent sub-systems, such as the communication systems and the filed electronic devices. A few practical application example cases are also included in the book, which will be very useful references for the readers. -Jiyuan Fan, Southern States LLC, Hampton, Georgia, USA

Author Information

Mini S. Thomas is a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India (JMI), with 29 years of teaching and research experience in the field of power systems. She was the head of the Department of Electrical Engineering and currently is the director of the Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship. She graduated from the University of Kerala, India and obtained her M.Tech from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras, both with Gold Medals. She also holds a Ph.D from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi. Dr. Thomas conceived, designed, and implemented the first-of-their-kind supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and substation automation (SA) laboratories and has done extensive research work in SCADA systems, substation and distribution automation, and smart grids. She has published more than 100 research papers in international journals and conferences of repute, and is the coordinator of the special assistance program (SAP) on power system automation from the University Grants Commission, Government of India. John D. McDonald, P.E., is director of Technical Strategy and Policy Development for GE Energy Management - Digital Energy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, with 40 years of experience in the electric utility industry. He joined GE Energy's Transmission and Distribution (now Digital Energy) business in 2008 as general manager of marketing, and accepted his current role in 2010. McDonald is a sought-after industry leader, technical expert, educator, and speaker. In his 28 years of working group and subcommittee leadership with the IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES) Substations Committee, he led seven working groups and task forces that published standards and tutorials in the areas of SCADA and master/remote terminal unit (RTU) and RTU/IED communications protocols. He is a fellow of IEEE and past president of the IEEE PES. He teaches smart grid courses for GE and the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, and substation automation, SCADA, and communications courses for various IEEE PES local chapters. He has published 80 papers and articles, co-authored four books, and holds a BSEE and MSEE from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, and an MBA from the University of California-Berkeley, USA. He received the 2009 Outstanding Electrical and Computer Engineer Award from Purdue University.

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