Overview

This first part of a work which discusses the construction and installation of insulated and flexible cables. Coverage ranges from constructional elements of insulated cables, through concentric planning of cable installations, to measuring and testing of power installations.

Full Product Details

Author:   L. Heinhold
Publisher:   Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
Imprint:   Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
Edition:   3rd Revised edition
Dimensions:   Width: 7.20cm , Height: 2.50cm , Length: 9.80cm
Weight:   1.030kg
ISBN:  

9783800915354

ISBN 10:   3800915359
Pages:   464
Publication Date:   01 January 1990
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   Out of stock  

Table of Contents

Constructional Elements of Insulated Cables 1 Conductors 1.1 Wiring Cables and Flexible Cables 1.2 Power Cables 2 Insulation 2.1 Polymers 2.1.1 Thermoplastics (Plastomers) Copolymers * Fluoroplastics * Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) * Polyethylene (PE) * Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) 2.1.2 Elastomers Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) * Conducting Rubber * Natural Rubber (NR) * Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) * Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) * Butyl Rubber (IIR) * Ethylene-Propylene Rubber (EPR) * Silicone Rubber (SiR) * Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) 2.1.3 Thermosetting Polymers (Duromers) 2.2 Chemical Aging of Polymers 2.3 The Influence of Moisture on Polyolefine Insulating Materials 2.4 Impregnated Paper 2.5 Literature Referred to in Section 2 3 Protective Sheaths 3.1 Thermoplastic Sheaths 3.2 Elastomer Sheaths 3.3 Sheathing Materials for Special Purposes 3.4 Metal Sheath 4 Protection against Corrosion 4.1 Cable with Lead Sheath 4.2 Aluminium-Sheathed Cables 5 Armour 6 Concentric Conductors 7 Electrical Screening 7.1 Conducting Layers 7.2 Metallic Components of Electrical Screening 7.3 Longitudinally Water Proof Screens Insulated Wires and Flexible Cables 8 Types of Wires and Cables 8.1 National and International Standards 8.1.1 VDE Specifications 8.1.2 Harmonized Standards 8.1.3 National Types 8.1.4 IEC Standards 8.2 Selection of Flexible Cables 8.2.1 Cables for Fixed Installations 8.2.2 Flexible Cables 8.2.3 FLEXO Cords 8.3 Flexible Cables for Mining and Industry 8.4 Halogen-Free SIENOPYR Wiring and Flexible Cables with Improved Performance in the Event of Fire 9 Core Identification of Cables 10 Definition of Locations to DIN VDE 0100 11 Application and Installation of Cables 11.1 Rated Voltage, Operating Voltage 11.2 Selection of Conductor Cross-Sectional Area Power Cables 12 National and International Standards 12.1 VDE Specifications 12.2 Standards of Other Countries 12.3 IEC and CENELEC Standards 13 Types of Construction of Low-and High-Voltage Cables 13.1 General 13.2 Type Designation 13.3 Selection of Cables and Accessories 14 Power Cables for Special Applications 14.1 Cable with Elastomer Insulation 14.2 Shipboard Power Cable 14.2.1 Construction and Characteristics 14.2.2 Application and Installation 14.3 Halogen-Free Cables with Improved Characteristics in the Case of Fire 14.3.1 Testing Performance under Conditions of Fire Spread of Fire * Corrosivity of Combustion Gases * Smoke Density. Insulation Retention under Conditions of Fire 14.3.2 Construction and Characteristics 14.3.3 Laying and Installation 14.4 Cables for Mine Shafts and Galleries 14.5 River and Sea Cables 14.6 Airport Cables 14.7 Cable with Polymer Insulation and Lead Sheath 14.8 Insulated Overhead Line Cables 15 High- and Extra-High-Voltage Cables 15.1 Cable with Polymer Insulation 15.2 Low-Pressure Oil-Filled Cable with Lead or Aluminium Sheath 15.3 Thermally Stable Cable in Steel Pipe 15.3.1 High-Pressure Oil-Filled Cable 15.3.2 Internal Gas-Pressure Cable 15.3.3 External Gas-Pressure Cable (Pressure Cable) Planning of Cable Installations 16 Guide for Planning of Cable Installations 17 Cable Rated Voltages 17.1 Allocation of Cable Rated Voltages 17.2 Rated Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage 17.3 Voltage Stresses in the Event of Earth Fault 18 Current-Carrying Capacity in Normal Operation 18.1 Terms, Definitions and Regulations 18.2 Operating Conditions and Design Tables 18.2.1 Operating Conditions for Installations in Ground 18.2.2 Operating Conditions, Installation in Air 18.2.3 Project Design Tables Load Capacity Installed in Ground/Air * Rating Factors for Installation in Ground, for Differing Air Temperatures and for Groups in Air 18.2.4 Use of Tables 18.3 Calculation of Load Capacity 18.4 Thermal Resistances 18.4.1 Thermal Resistance of the Cable 18.4.2 Thermal Resistance of Air Horizontal Installation * Vertical Installation * Atmospheric Pressure * Ambient Temperature * Solar Radiation * Arrangement of Cables 18.4.3 Thermal Resistance of the Soil Temperature Field of a Cable * Definition of Soil-Thermal Resistance * Daily Load Curve and Characteristic Diameter * Drying-Out of the Soil and Boundary Isotherm dx * Fictitious Soil-Thermal Resistance Tx and Txy * Load Capacity 18.4.4 Grouping in the Ground Fictitious Additional Thermal Resistances Tx and Txy due to Grouping * Load Capacity * Extension of the Dry Area * Current-Carrying Capacity of Dissimilar Cables 18.4.5 Installation in Ducts and Pipes Thermal Resistances TR and TP * Load Capacity for an Installation of Pipes in Ground or Air or in Ducts Banks 18.4.6 Soil-Thermal-Resistivity Cable in the Ground * Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Soil * Influence of Moisture Content * Measuring * Basic Quantities for Calculation * Bedding Material * Sand-Gravel Mixtures * Sand-Cement Mixtures * Calculation of Load Capacity 18.5 Installation in Channels and Tunnels 18.5.1 Unventilated Channels and Tunnels 18.5.2 Arrangement of Cables in Tunnels 18.5.3 Channels with Forced Ventilation 18.6 Load Capacity of a Cable for Short-Time and Intermittent Operation 18.6.1 General 18.6.2 Calculation with Minimum Time Value 18.6.3 Adiabatic Heat Rise 18.6.4 Root-Mean-Square Value of Current 18.6.5 Short-Time Operation 18.6.6 Intermittent Operation 18.7 Symbols Used in Formulae in Section 18 18.8 Literature Referred to in Section 18 19 Short-Circuit Conditions 19.1 General 19.2 Temperature Rise of Conductor under Line-To-Earth Short Circuit 19.2.1 Conductor and Sheat Currents under Line-To-Earth Short Circuit 19.2.2 Load Capacity under Line-To-Earth Short-Circuit 19.3 Short-Circuit Thermal Rating 19.3.1 Guide for Project Design Performance under Short-Circuit Conditions * Short-Circuit Duty * Short-Circuit Capacity of Conductor, Screens, Sheaths and Armour 19.3.2 Calculations of Short-Circuit Capacity Adiabatic and Non-Adiabatic Temperature Rise Method * Temperature Rise during Short-Circuit 19.3.3 Thermo-Mechanical Forces and Expansion General-Effect of Thermal Expansion in Cables * Mounting of Single-Core Cables 19.3.4 Accessories 19.4 Mechanical Short-Circuit Capacity 19.4.1 Electromagnetic Forces Effect of Electromagnetic Forces * Line-To-Earth, Line-To-Line and Balanced Three-Phase Short Circuit 19.4.2 Multi-Core Cable Tensile Force FB * Surface Pressure FF * Cable Construction * Experience and Calculation Quantities * Fixing Elements 19.4.3 Single-Core Cables and Fixing Methods Bending Stress * Surface Pressure FF * Stressing of Clamps and Binders 19.4.4 Accessories 19.5 Symbols used in Formulae in Section 19 19.6 Literature Referred to in Section 19 20 Resistance and Resistance per Unit Length of Conductor 20.1 Resistance per Unit Length on d.c. 20.2 Resistance per Unit Length on a.c. 20.3 Current Related Losses 21 Inductance and Inductance per Unit Length 21.1 Inductance per Unit Length of a Conductor System 21.2 Single-Core Cables 21.2.1 Earthed at Both Ends 21.2.2 Arrangement of Cables 21.2.3 Earthing from Either One or Both Ends of Metal Sheath or Screen 21.2.4 Cross-Bonding of the Sheaths, Transposition of the Cables 21.3 Multi-Core Cables 21.4 Zero-Sequence Impedance and Zero-Sequence Impedance per Unit Length 21.5 Literature Referred to in Section 21 22 Capacitance and Capacitance per Unit Length 22.1 General 22.2 Operating Capacitance per Unit Length Cb 22.3 Capacitive Current Ie and Earth-Fault Current Ie of a Cable 22.4 Dielectric Losses 23 Insulation Resistance, Insulation Resistance per Unit Length and Leakage 24 Determination of Voltage Drop 24.1 General 24.2 Short Cable Runs 24.3 Long Cable Runs 25 Economic Optimization of Cable Size 25.1 Symbols used in Formulae in Section 25 25.2 Literature Referred to in Section 25 26 Interference of Power Cables with Control and Telecommunication Cables 26.1 Inductive Interference 26.1.1 Mutual Inductance 26.1.2 Inducing Currents 26.1.3 Current Reduction Factor of the Influencing Power Cable 26.1.4 Voltage Reduction Factor of the Influenced Telecommunication Cable 26.1.5 Reduction Factors of Compensating Conductors 26.2 Noise Voltage in Symmetrical Circuits 26.3 Ohmic Interference 26.4 Inductive and Ohmic Interference 26.5 Details Required for Planning 26.6 Calculated Example 27 Design and Calculation of Distribution Systems 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Determination of Power Requirement as a Basis for Planning 27.2.1 Load Requirement of Dwellings 27.2.2 Load Requirements of Special Consumers 27.2.3 Total Load 27.3 Planning of Distribution Systems 27.3.1 General 27.3.2 Selection of Distribution Voltage 27.3.3 Low-Voltage Systems System Configuration and Types of Operation in the Public Supply * Extension of a Low-Voltage System * Systems of Buildings * Industrial Supply Systems * Location of Substations * Component Parts of the Low-Voltage System 27.3.4 Medium-Voltage Systems Public Supply * Expansion of the Medium-Voltage System * Distribution Systems in Large Buildings * Industrial Supply Systems Standby Power Supply * Component Parts of the Medium-Voltage System * Charge Current Compensation and Star Point Treatment * The Superimposed High-Voltage System 27.4 System Calculation 27.4.1 Basics 27.4.2 Calculation of a Low-Voltage System 27.4.3 Investigations of Protective Measures Against Excessive Touch Voltage 27.4.4 Investigation of Short-Circuit Protection and Discrimination 27.4.5 Computer-Aided System Calculation 27.5 Literature Referred to in Section 27 Laying and Installation 28 Cable Identification Marking 28.1 Manufacturers, VDE-Marking 28.2 Colours of Outer Sheaths and Protective Coverings 28.3 Core Identification for Power Cables up to Uo/U=0.6/1 kV 28.4 Core Identification for Cables for Rated Voltages Exceeding Uo/U=0.6/1 kV 29 Laying the Cables 29.1 Transporting 29.2 Preparation for Laying the Cable 29.3 Differences in Level of the Cable Route 29.4 Laying of Cables in the Ground 29.4.1 Cable Route 29.4.2 Laying of the Cables 29.5 Laying of Cables Indoors 29.5.1 Cables on Walls, Ceilings or Racks 29.5.2 Cable Tunnels and Ducts 29.6 Cable Clamps 29.6.1 Types of Clamps 29.6.2 Arrangements and Dimensions 30 Installation Guide 30.1 Preparation of Cable Ends 30.2 Earthing of Metallic Sheaths and Coverings 30.3 Conductor Jointing 31 Repair of Damage to Outer Sheath 31.1 Outer Sheath of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and (PE) Polyethylene 31.2 Jute Servings on Cables with Lead Sheath 32 Cable Accessories 32.1 Fundamental Objectives 32.2 Requirements 32.3 Stress Control 32.4 Fundamental Principles for the Construction and Installation of Accessories 32.4.1 Compound Filling Technique 32.4.2 Cast-Resin Techniques 32.4.3 Shrink-On Technique 32.4.4 Lapping Technique 32.4.5 Push-On Technique 32.4.6 Plug Technique 32.5 Literature Referred to in Section 32 33 Cable Plan Measuring and Testing of Power Installations 34 Electrical Measurements in the Cable Installation, as Installed 35 Voltage Tests 35.1 General 35.2 Testing with d.c. Voltage 35.3 Testing with a.c. Voltage 36 Locating Faults 36.1 Preliminary Measurements 36.2 Location Measurements by the Conventional Method 36.3 Locating of Faults by Pulse Reflection Method 36.4 Preparation of Fault Point by Burn Through 36.5 Locating Using Audio Frequency 36.6 Testing of Thermoplastic Sheaths 37 Construction and Resistance of Conductors 38 Conversion Table Index

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