Overview

Police intelligence has been included in U.S. Army military police doctrine since the 1960s. The principles have generally remained the same; military police collect police information pertaining to individuals, activities, or locations where military police have an interest. Police intelligence is the analysis of that information into a meaningful pattern to predict illegal, criminal, or subversive activities so that military police (or other forces) may plan and prepare for a required action. PIO is easily associated with law enforcement and police operations in support of bases and base camps. For many years, military police leaders relegated PIO to USACIDC personnel and select military police Soldiers who were trained to recognize associations and identify patterns and trends. With the emergence of hybrid threats, more and more often, belligerents are using criminal techniques of organized criminal networks to conduct attacks against the United States, their allies, and their interests. Countering this hybrid threat involves police information collection and analysis, which increasingly demonstrates the need for PIO. The law enforcement and investigative skills that military police and USACIDC Soldiers employ while conducting law enforcement on bases and base camps have made them a valuable asset for police information collection and analysis in the modern operational environment. Police intelligence drives military police activities across the range of military operations and greatly enhances the situational understanding of maneuver commanders. The conversion of the five military police functions to the three military police disciplines better depicts PIO as an integrated function throughout military police operations. This publication builds on the experiences of military police and USACIDC forces over the past decade of conflict. The lessons learned from these and other experiences serve as invaluable tools to expand the understanding, appreciation, and complete application of PIO as an integrated function of the Military Police Corps Regiment that supports activities of decisive action. PIO is not solely applicable to law enforcement and criminal investigations. PIO encompasses the continuous analyses and production by military police and USACIDC personnel; information collected by military police, USACIDC, and others; and subsequent dissemination of police information and police intelligence (as appropriate) to police agencies, other military units, and the Army intelligence community. Soldiers conducting military police activities (in any of the three disciplines) collect police information for further analysis. Military police analysts are referred to as police intelligence analysts, and USACIDC analysts are referred to as criminal intelligence analysts (due to the focused criminal investigative mission of USACIDC) after completing the Crime and Criminal Intelligence Analyst Course at the U.S. Army Military Police School. For the purpose of brevity in this publication, police intelligence analyst is used to refer to a military police analyst or USACIDC analyst. Military police leaders must be able to articulate the value of PIO to maneuver commanders so that they may recognize the effectiveness and value of PIO products and their contributions to mission success. The expansion of PIO capabilities (to include the recent introduction of USACIDC personnel, law enforcement professionals, biometrics, and expeditionary forensic laboratories) has contributed to the success of PIO by providing valuable police intelligence to attack insurgents and other organized criminal networks. Formerly static and primarily positioned in the continental United States, reachback capabilities (such as the Defense Forensics Science Center) are now providing modular elements in-theater, thus ensuring expedient and dedicated analyses.

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