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Author:   Christopher D. Doern (Virginia Commonwealth School of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA) ,  Alexandra L. Bryson (Virginia Commonwealth School of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA)
Publisher:   American Society for Microbiology
Imprint:   American Society for Microbiology
Edition:   5th edition
Dimensions:   Width: 14.00cm , Height: 2.80cm , Length: 21.30cm
Weight:   0.476kg
ISBN:  

9781683674221

ISBN 10:   1683674227
Pages:   416
Publication Date:   19 March 2026
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
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Table of Contents

Preface xi About the Authors xv SECTION 1 Taxonomic Classification of Medically Important Microorganisms 1 General Comments 2 Taxonomic Classification of Bacteria 2 Table 1.1 Reclassification of the Former Family Enterobacteriaceae 10 Table 1.2 Newly Assigned Genera for Former Mycobacterium 11 Table 1.3 Enterobacter cloacae Complex Organisms 12 Table 1.4 Klebsiella oxytoca Complex Organisms 12 Table 1.5 Taxonomy of Citrobacter freundii Complex 12 Table 1.6 Taxonomy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Group Organisms 12 Table 1.7 Taxonomy of Pseudomonas putida Group Organisms 13 Table 1.8 Taxonomy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Group Organisms 13 Table 1.9 Taxonomy of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii Complex 13 Table 1.10 Taxonomy of Burkholderia cepacia Complex 13 Table 1.11 Taxonomy of Mycobacteria 14 Table 1.12 Taxonomy of the Staphylococcus aureus Complex 16 Table 1.13 Taxonomy of the Staphylococcus intermedius Group 16 Table 1.14 Taxonomy of the Viridans Group Streptococci 16 Taxonomic Classification of Human Viruses 17 Taxonomic Classification of Fungi 21 Table 1.15 Revised Species Names of Selected Clinically Relevant Fungi 22 Taxonomic Classification of Parasites 25 SECTION 2 Indigenous and Pathogenic Microbes of Humans 31 General Comments 32 Table 2.1 Human Indigenous Flora 32 Table 2.2 Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases: United States, 2016 and 2020 43 Table 2.3 Arthropod Vectors of Medically Important Diseases 48 Table 2.4 Fungal Pathogens and Geographic Distribution 51 Table 2.5 Parasitic Pathogens and Geographic Distribution 62 Microbes Responsible for Human Disease 70 SECTION 3 Specimen Collection and Transport 93 General Comments 94 Table 3.1 Bacteriology: Collection and Transport Guidelines 96 Table 3.2 Specimen Collection and Transport Guidelines for Infrequently Encountered Bacteria 114 Table 3.3 Guidelines for Collection of Specimens for Anaerobic Culture 115 Table 3.4 Possible Rejection Criteria for Specimens Submitted for Bacterial Culture 116 Virology: General Specimen Guidelines 117 Virology: Specific Specimen Guidelines 118 Table 3.5 Recommended Blood Volumes to Collect for Blood Cultures 121 Table 3.6 Mycology: Collection and Transport Guidelines 122 Table 3.7 Parasitology: Specimen Guidelines 127 Table 3.8 Guidelines for Processing Stool Specimens for Parasites 132 SECTION 4 Bacterial Diagnosis 135 General Comments 136 Table 4.1 Detection Methods from Clinical Specimens for Clinically Relevant Bacteria 136 Table 4.2 Recommendations for Gram Stain from Primary Specimen and Plating Media 139 Table 4.3 Screening Specimens for Routine Bacterial Culture 143 Table 4.4 Processing Specimens for Mycobacterial Identification 144 Microscopy 144 Primary Plating Media: Bacteria 146 Primary Plating Media: Mycobacteria 159 Specific Diagnostic Tests for Pathogen Detection 161 Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci 161 Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods 162 Acid-Fast and Partially Acid-Fast Gram-Positive Rods 164 Aerobic Gram-Negative Cocci 164 Aerobic Gram-Negative Rods 165 Anaerobic Bacteria 172 Curved and Spiral-Shaped Bacteria 173 Mycoplasma spp. and Obligate Intracellular Bacteria 176 Identification Tables 178 SECTION 5 Viral Diagnosis 217 General Comments 218 Table 5.1 Detection Methods for Viruses 218 Table 5.2 Cells Used for Viral Isolation 220 RNA Viruses 221 DNA Viruses 229 Table 5.3 EBV Serologic Profiles Under Different Conditions 231 Table 5.4 Clinical Diseases of Parvovirus B19 and Method of Diagnosis 232 Table 5.5 Hepatitis B Virus Markers in Different Stages of Infection and Convalescence 233 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies 235 SECTION 6 Fungal Diagnosis 237 Mycology: Specimen Collection and Transport Guidelines 238 Table 6.1 Methods for the Identification of Fungi 240 Microscopy 240 Table 6.2 Characteristic Fungal Elements Seen by Direct Examination of Clinical Specimens 243 Primary Plating Media 246 Table 6.3 Mycology Plating Guide 249 Specific Diagnostic Tests 251 Aspergillus Species 251 Blastomyces dermatitidis 251 Candida Species 252 Coccidioides Species (Coccidioidomycosis) 252 Cryptococcus neoformans and gattii (Cryptococcosis) 253 Histoplasma Species 253 Malassezia Species 254 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 254 Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei 255 Pneumocystis jirovecii 255 Sporothrix schenckii 255 Mucormycetes (Zygomycetes) 255 Identification Tables 257 SECTION 7 Parasitic Diagnosis 271 General Comments 272 Microscopy 272 Table 7.1 Detection Methods for Parasites 273 Specific Diagnostic Tests 277 Free-Living Amebae 277 Intestinal and Urogenital Protozoa 277 Blood and Tissue Protozoa 280 Microsporidia 282 Helminths: Nematodes 283 Helminths: Trematodes 285 Helminths: Cestodes 286 Identification Tables and Figures 287 Table 7.2 Trophozoites of Common Intestinal Amebae 287 Table 7.3 Cysts of Common Intestinal Amebae 290 Figure 7.1 Intestinal Amebae of Humans 293 Table 7.4 Trophozoites of Flagellates 294 Table 7.5 Cysts of Flagellates 296 Figure 7.2 Intestinal and Urogenital Flagellates of Humans 297 Table 7.6 Morphological Characteristics of Ciliates, Coccidia, Microsporidia, and Tissue Protozoa 298 Table 7.7 Morphological Characteristics of Protozoa Found in Blood 300 Table 7.8 Morphological Characteristics of Blood and Tissue Nematodes 302 Table 7.9 Morphological Characteristics of Helminths 303 Figure 7.3 Relative Sizes of Helminth Eggs 305 SECTION 8 Susceptibility Testing and Methods of Organism Identification 307 General Comments 308 Susceptibility Testing Methods 308 Table 8.1 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Documents Related to Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing from Humans 308 Table 8.2 Summary of CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Methods for Select Bacteria, Mycobacteria, and Fungi 311 Antimicrobial Treatment Information 315 Table 8.3 Organisms Included in CLSI and EUCAST Breakpoint Tables 315 Table 8.4 Guide to Interpretive Criteria for Select Organisms for Commonly Tested Antimicrobials 317 Table 8.5 Surrogate Antibiotic Susceptibility Prediction 330 Table 8.6 Routes of Administration and Drug Class for Select Antimicrobial Agents 334 Table 8.7 Routes of Administration and Drug Class for Select Antifungal Agents 337 Table 8.8 Routes of Administration and Drug Class for Select Antiparasitic Agents 338 Table 8.9 Antibacterial Agents for Specific Bacteria 339 Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms 345 Table 8.10 Intrinsic Resistance of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria 345 Table 8.11 Intrinsic Resistance of Selected Gram-Positive Bacteria 346 Table 8.12 Important Mechanisms of Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria 346 Table 8.13 Activity Profiles of Select Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Against Commonly Encountered Gram-Negative Beta-Lactamases 350 MALDI-TOF MS and Sequencing 351 Table 8.14 Summary of MALDI-TOF MS Identification of Bacteria, Mycobacteria, and Fungi 351 Table 8.15 Gene Sequencing Targets for Organism Identification 356 Index 359

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Author Information

Christopher D. Doern, PhD, D(ABMM) is a professor of pathology at Virginia Commonwealth School of Medicine and director of clinical microbiology at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA. Alexandra L. Bryson, PhD, D(ABMM) is an assistant professor of pathology at Virginia Commonwealth School of Medicine and associate director of clinical microbiology at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA.

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