Overview

The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 calls for the establishment of peaceful, just and inclusive societies. The security sector has the potential to contribute to SDG16 through the fulfilment of its traditional and non-traditional security tasks. However, the security sector can also detract from SDG16 when it acts outside the confines of the law. Good governance of the sector is therefore a prerequisite to achieving SDG16, and parliaments can make an important contribution to accountability and good governance. Parliaments contribute to both transparency and accountability of the sector through their various functions and act as a counterweight to executive dominance, including in the executive's use of security forces. Yet, in times of crisis, states run a risk of executive dominance and executives are often quick to resort to the use of the security sector to address an array of challenges. This risk also emerged during the global Covid-19 pandemic where states used the security sector, notably the military and police, in various ways to respond to the pandemic. This study reviewed the utilisation of the security sector in South Africa, the Philippines and the UK during the first year of the Covid-19 outbreak, resulting in varied outcomes ranging from positive humanitarian contributions to misconduct and brutality that led to the death of citizens. The initial lockdowns in these countries constrained parliamentary activity, resulting in a lack of adequate parliamentary oversight of security sector utilisation when it was most needed. Parliaments did recover oversight of the sector to varied degrees, but often with limited depth of inquiry into the Covid-19 deployments. To prevent the security sector from detracting from SDG16, the study identified a need for a rapid parliamentary reaction capability to security sector utilisation, especially in cases of extraordinary deployments coupled with an elevated risk of executive dominance.

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9781914481208

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Dr Wilhelm Janse Van Rensburg is a researcher at the Parliament of South Africa, specialising in parliamentary oversight of defence. He holds a PhD in Military Science from Stellenbosch University and a Master's degree in Security Studies (MSS) from the University of Pretoria. He is a research fellow at the Security Institute for Governance and Leadership in Africa (SIGLA) at Stellenbosch University. ORCiD: 0000-0003-2659-6781 Nicolette completed her Master's in Philosophy, specialising in Political Management at the University of Stellenbosch (South Africa) in 2003 and worked in politics for several years as campaign manager. She entered into formal research at the Western Cape Provincial Legislature before moving to the National Parliament of South Africa where she has been specialising in policing oversight for the past 10 years. Prof Lindy Heinecken is the former Chair of the Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology and from 2022 serves as Vice-Dean Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. She lectures in political and industrial sociology, with a research interest in armed forces and society. Her recent book is titled South Africa's Post-Apartheid Military: Lost in Transition and Transformation. She serves on numerous academic boards, including the Council of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society (IUS) and is currently the President of the International Sociological Association (ISA) Armed Forces and Conflict Resolution Research Committee (RC01). She is a National Research Foundation B rated researcher. She is also a Certified Sociological Practitioner, Association for Applied and Clinical Sociology accredited by the International Sociological Association. ORCiD: 0000-0003-1315-0000

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