Overview

"Organosilanes have gained immense recognition worldwide due to their plethora of roles in synthetic organic chemistry in carbon-carbon bond formation reactions. The presence of silicon was initially predicted by Lavoisier in 1787. Attempts were made for the extraction of pure silicon in elemental form but remained unsuccessful. Davy proposed the name ""silicium"" in 1808, assuming the element to be a metal. An impure amorphous form of silicon was first isolated by Gay-Lussac and Thenard in 1811, by heating potassium metal and silicon tetrachloride. The present name of the element was given by Thomson in 1817, by retaining part of Davy's nomenclature but adding ""-on"" as suffix, due to his belief that silicon was a non-metal similar to boron and carbon. However, silicon in its crystalline form was first isolated by Deville in 1854, by electrolysis of a mixture of aluminum chloride and sodium chloride containing about 10% silicon.⁽ Today, pure silicon is obtained in industrial scale by reduction of silica with coke in electric arc furnace. In small scales, silicon is obtained by the reduction of silicon tetraiodide, silicon tetrachloride or chlorosilane. Isolation of pure silicon is essential in industrial scales due to the importance of the element. Pure silicon is obtained by zone melting method of purification. Some of the applications of pure silicon include the preparation of electronics such as semiconductors, transistors, printed circuit boards, and integrated circuits. Silicon is used in solar panels and high power lasers."

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