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OverviewFull Product DetailsAuthor: Jeffrey John DeakinPublisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd Imprint: CRC Press Weight: 0.510kg ISBN: 9781032664903ISBN 10: 1032664908 Pages: 258 Publication Date: 23 May 2024 Audience: College/higher education , Professional and scholarly , Tertiary & Higher Education , Professional & Vocational Format: Paperback Publisher's Status: Forthcoming Availability: Not yet available  This item is yet to be released. You can pre-order this item and we will dispatch it to you upon its release. Table of ContentsPART I Introduction Organic Chemistry Context: miraculous chemicals from plants Notes PART II Medical Marvels Introduction Central America’s Humble Potato Steroids The search for the modern birth control pill - hormones, estrogen and progesterone Isolation of natural diosgenin from the Mexican potato Chemical magic in the laboratory – synthesis of norethindrone Biological studies of progesterone to prevent ovulation Medical approval and social acceptance The profound social, cultural and economic impacts of reliable, oral contraception Transformation of production Hydrocarbons Saturated hydrocarbons, alkanes and cycloalkanes Crude Oil and industrial fractional distillation Benzene and aromatic compounds – physical and chemical properties Theory of the molecular structure of benzene Summary of the characteristics of aromatic compounds Europe Solves a Headache! Emergence of Aspirin Salicin and salicylic acid Carboxylic acids Phenol and phenolic compounds Acetylation of the hydroxyl group of salicyclic acid to form aspirin Attacking Malaria: a South American Treasure (but not gold) and a Chinese Miracle Malaria Cinchona Isolation of quinine Synthesis of quinine in the laboratory Uses of quinine Artemisinin Carbon - oxygen single bonds Oxygen - oxygen single bonds The peroxide bridge in artemisinin A Steroid in your Garden The Foxglove and digoxigenin Esters are formed from alcohols and acids Properties and uses of esters Introducing cyclic esters, known as lactones Lactones as building blocks in nature Commercial uses of lactones Vitamins Vitamin C, ascorbic acid Africa’s Gift to the World Discovery of the periwinkle plant and its properties Serendipity Modern research and therapeutic value The alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine Isolation of vincristine and vinblastine from plants Saving the Pacific Yew Tree The nature of paclitaxel Medical value of paclitaxel Modern day preparation of paclitaxel Terpenes and isoprene as a building block in nature Isomers Isomers and stereo-chemistry Isomers and chirality Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular structure Vaccines, Adjuvants and Chemistry Vaccines Adjuvants A vaccine against COVID-19 Natural sources of saponin New biochemical approaches Molecular biochemistry PART III Nutrition – Ancient and Modern Miracles Introduction Rediscovering traditional grains of the Americas – chia and quinoa Chia Quinoa Gluten sensitivity Lipids Fats, oils and human health Waxes Vegetable oil and bio-diesel Wheat – ancient and modern Possible origins of ancient wheat Modern wheat varieties Nutritional importance and the grinding of wheat Importance of proteins Peptide bond Condensation reaction Proteins and amino acids The molecular structure of proteins and NMR Fascinating influence of chirality on life systems on Earth The shikimic acid pathway and phenylpropanoids Sustainability and society’s challenges in enhancing agricultural production – crop yield and ‘green issues’ including genetic modification of crops DNA and RNA Asian Staple – Rice Carbohydrates and saccharides; oxygen in the organic ring Monosaccharides Disaccharides The glycoside link Oligosaccharides Polysaccharides Chemical properties of carbohydrates – monosaccharides The value of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides to living organisms Human nutrition Optical isomerism Chinese Cordyceps – Winter Worm, Summer Grass The life cycle of Cordyceps sinensis The perceived health benefits of Cordyceps sinensis What is fermentation? Organic chemistry of fermentation Industrial production of bio-ethanol PART IV Beverages Introduction Tea: From Legend to Healthy Obsession The tea plant Historical notes on tea as a beverage The growing and processing of tea Tea and possible health benefits Catechins – the key phenolic constituents in green tea The properties of phenol and phenols Phenols compared to alcohols Electrophilic substitution reactions of phenol Interaction with light in the visible part of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation Cacao (Cocoa): Food of the Gods Origins Processing cacao beans First chocolate as a medicine Cocoa and cardiac health Cocoa and diabetes Chemical constituents of cocoa Free radicals and anti-oxidants Flavonoids (or polyphenol compounds) Coffee: Wake Up and Smell the Aroma! Early Use Coffee and caffeine Zwitterions Cyclic aromatic amines The extraction process of decaffeination of coffee I: solvent extraction using water II: solvent extraction using dichloromethane (DCM) III: supercritical carbon dioxide extraction Maca from the High Andes in South America The maca plant Maca as a beverage and a food The medicinal value of maca Chemical composition of maca Key chemical properties of indole Electrophilic substitution Indole and bases Acid-base extraction Purification of indole alkaloids by acid-base extraction Indole alkaloids Strychnine Ergotamine LSD Curare PART V Euphorics Introduction Morphine: A Double-Edged Sword The double-edged sword The production of morphine in the natural world Purification, chemical composition and properties of morphine Chemical composition and properties of codeine Chemical composition and properties of heroin Medicinal uses of morphine Cannabis and Marijuana Cannabis Introducing cannabinoids Terpenes Classification of terpenes Terpenes and elimination reactions Condensation reaction Coca and Cocaine Coca and the coca plant Cocaine Chemical properties of cocaine Isolation of cocaine Legitimate applications of cocaine Tobacco: a profound impact on the World Tobacco Nicotine Amines Heterocyclic aromatic compounds Pyridine Pyrrole Thiophen Amides Properties of nicotine Uses of Nicotine Agriculture Human Health and Pharmacy PART VI Exotic Potions, Lotions and Oils Introduction A Plant from the East Indies, Camphor The classification and structure of camphor Diverse uses of camphor Extraction of camphor by steam distillation The carbonyl group and nucleophilic addition reactions Infra-red spectroscopy and the determination of the structure of organic molecules Atmospheric absorption of infra-red radiation; greenhouse effect Methane, carbon dioxide and global warming Biblical Resins: Frankincense and Myrrh Sources and uses of frankincense and myrrh Frankincense Myrrh Classification of cyclic terpenes Steric hindrance European Lavender European lavender Distribution Value of lavender Food and drink Medicinal applications Cosmetics Soap and detergent Essential oils – hydrosol from lavender Hydrosols and colloids Vegetable oils and fats Glycerol Triglycerides Hydrolysis of esters Soap How soap works Global Aloe Aloe vera Aloe vera and skin treatment Aloe vera and polysaccharides Galactomannans Hydraulic ‘fracking’ Anthraquinones found in Aloe vera Aloin Emodin Chromatography Thin layer and column chromatography Gas chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography High pressure liquid chromatography Ion exchange chromatography PART VII Colorful Chemistry, a Natural Palette of Plant Dyes and Pigments Introduction Our World of Green Plants – Human Survival Green plants Flowering plants and conifers Algae Lichens The vital process of photosynthesis Chlorophyll Chlorophyll and color Chromophores Molecular interaction with electromagnetic radiation Ultra violet absorption spectroscopy and organic chemistry Ultra violet absorption spectroscopy and molecular structure Green plants and limiting climate change Carbon accounting Saffron and carotenoids - yellow and orange dyes Saffron – the plant Saffron extract - an exclusive, luxury item traded for millennia Crocin Carotenoids and autumnal colors Carotenoids – historical note Carotene carotenoids Beta-carotene Lycopene Isolation and extraction Xanthophyll carotenoids Lutein The allyl functional group Human health; vitamin A, retinol and retinal Woad (Isatis tinctoria) and Indigo Indigo through the ages Indigo from plants Extraction of indigo Physical and chemical properties of indigo Indigo and dyeing textiles Levi Strauss and Wrangler jeans ‘Lincoln Green’ worn by Robin Hood Azo dyes Red Dyes from Henna, Dyer’s Bugloss and Madder Quinones as building blocks in nature Naphthoquinones Lawsone, a red-orange dye from Henna Alkannin, a red-brown dye from Dyer’s Bugloss Anthraquinones Alizarin Red from Madder root Parietin from the lichen, Xanthoria parietina Textile dyes and Color Fastness Solubility of dyes in water Color fastness Mordants Reversible Colors in Flowers, Berries and Fruit The inestimable value of color in flowers, berries and fruit The beautiful color of autumn leaves Flavonoids Flavonoids and anthocyanins Anthocyanins - Reversible Dyes Reversible Dyes and Acid/Base Indicators Litmus Methyl Red and Methyl Orange Phenolphthalein Phytochrome – a reversible pigment and a biological light switch Phytochrome - photoperiodism and phototropism PART VIII Materials Introduction The Wonderful World of Wood What is wood? Carbohydrates which are non-sugars The value of cellulose The value of starch Lignin – the structural partner of cellulose Distribution of trees across the world Conservation and environmental significance Secrets of a sticky secretion Latex Natural rubber Historical intrigue Organic chemistry of rubber A myriad of applications The green credentials of bioplastic Polymerization and plastics Bioplastic Recycling terminology – let’s be clear Bioplastic and the environment PART IX Natural Environment Introduction Seaweed and ‘Blue’ Carbon Seaweed and algae Important natural products derived from algae Value to man Farming Mitigation of climate change Blue carbon storage Soil chemistry and seaweed fertilizer Garlic and Pungent Smells Garlic Organo-sulfur compounds Amino acids which contain sulfur Fossil fuels and acid rain Scrubbing gaseous effluent gases at industrial plants Reducing sulfur dioxide emissions – an alternative approach Learning to Love Legumes Legumes Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen cycle Industrial production of nitrogen fertilizer Alternative sustainable routes for synthesizing nitrogen fertilizer GLOSSARY INDEX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSReviewsAuthor InformationDr Jeffrey J. Deakin earned a BSc degree in chemistry with first class honors from the University of London followed by a PhD degree in physical chemistry from the University of Cambridge. As a teacher of science, Jeff headed chemistry and physics departments in grammar and comprehensive schools in the UK. He has written books and numerous articles aimed at demystifying chemistry and broadening interest in the subject. Jeff is a Fellow of The Royal Society of Chemistry in London. He was a member of the Curriculum and Assessment Working Group at the Royal Society of Chemistry, which recently reviewed the national curriculum in chemistry in each of the four home nations of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Tab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |
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