Overview

High-surface-area materials have recently attracted significant interest due to potential applications in various fields such as electrochemistry and catalysis, gas-phase catalysis, optics, sensors and actuators, energy harvesting and storage. In contrast to classical materials the properties of high-surface-area materials are no longer determined by their bulk, but by their nanoscale architecture. Nanoporous gold (np-Au) represents the fascinating class of mesoporous metals that have been intensively investigated in recent years. The current interest and the increasing number of scientific publications show that np-Au by itself is an outstanding nano-material that justifies a book devoted to all aspects of its properties and applications. The resulting publication is a discussion of this unique nano-material and is an accessible and comprehensive introduction to the field. The book provides a broad, multi-disciplinary platform to learn more about the properties of nanoporous gold from an inter-disciplinary perspective. It starts with an introduction and overview of state-of-the-art applications and techniques characterizing this material and its applications. It then covers the progress in research within the last years. The chapters are in-depth overviews written by the world's leading scientists in the particular field. Each chapter covers one technique or application so that the reader can easily target their favoured topic and will get the latest and state-of-the-art information in the field.

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9781849733748

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Reviews

"This newly published book is very professionally printed, in a compact and easy-to-read format, and with colour illustrations. It contains chapters on the history of the porous gold sponges, their optical properties, potential use as sensors or in surface-enhanced Raman scattering, catalysis, and their mechanical properties. From a technological point of view, each of the chapters is detailed and interesting, and would make very valuable reading for individuals interested in porous metal sponges of gold as well as of other elements. References to the literature abound, and yet as well will see, there are some material omissions. The book contains two chapters on the mechanism of dealloying and a further chapter each on the mechanical properties, microfabrication, optical properties, and potential application of this material as a catalyst, electrocatalyst, actuator, or sensor. Each chapter is packed with information, including illustrations and references. So does this book have any deficiency? In my opinion, it does. And the clue to what that is may be found in the very first paragraph in Chapter 1, in which it is conceded that, in terms of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry usage [1], the materials described in the book could be more correctly designated as “mesoporous”. Is this a problem in a community where the word “nanoporous” is often used to describe “mesoporous” materials? It need not be, but in this case this usage has generated some important omissions in the book. Specificallylittle if any of the literature on the optical properties, sensor applications, use in ultracapacitors, and catalytic properties of gold sponges designated as “mesoporous” [2] have been included in the book. I concede one might quibble whether some of these omissions were material or not, but in at least two instances they may be. First the chapter in the book on optical properties makes no reference to any of the several papers [e.g., 3–5] on this subject by GB Smith, who has worked for over a decade in this area. Secondly, some prominence in the chapter on catalysis is given to the “discovery” of the catalysis of CO oxidation by this material by two groups, in Europe and in the USA in 2006 and 2007, respectively. However, this discovery had already been presented at the Gold 2003 conference in Vancouver [6] and at the Asia Pacific Nanotechnology Forum in Cairns that year [7] and some international patents on this combination of catalyst and reaction were filed by investigators at South Africa’s Mintek around that time too [8]. As pointed out in the present book, catalysis by a gold sponge would be scientifically interesting because it appears to violate the principle that gold requires the presence of an adjacent oxide too in order to be an effective catalyst. The puzzle was informally discussed between delegates several times at Gold 2003 and then again at Gold 2006. One possible resolution of the puzzle would be that the catalytic capability of these sponges is due to the interaction of the Au with some residual impurity (Al or Al2O3 in the case of gold catalysts made in an analogous fashion to Raney nickel, or Ag or Ag2O in the case of the gold made by dealloying Au–Ag solid solutions). Nevertheless, these omissions aside, this is a great book and well worth getting if you work in this field or intend to enter it. But do also search the scientific literature using the“mesoporous” keyword too or otherwise you will only be getting part of the story! * Gold Bulletin (2012) 45:233 - 334 * ""very professionally printed, in a compact and easy to read format, with colour illustrations."" ""this is a great book and well worth getting if you work in this field or intend to enter it."" * Gold Bulletin *"

very professionally printed, in a compact and easy to read format, with colour illustrations. this is a great book and well worth getting if you work in this field or intend to enter it. -- MB Cortie Gold Bulletin This newly published book is very professionally printed, in a compact and easy-to-read format, and with colour illustrations. It contains chapters on the history of the porous gold sponges, their optical properties, potential use as sensors or in surface-enhanced Raman scattering, catalysis, and their mechanical properties. From a technological point of view, each of the chapters is detailed and interesting, and would make very valuable reading for individuals interested in porous metal sponges of gold as well as of other elements. References to the literature abound, and yet as well will see, there are some material omissions. The book contains two chapters on the mechanism of dealloying and a further chapter each on the mechanical properties, microfabrication, optical properties, and potential application of this material as a catalyst, electrocatalyst, actuator, or sensor. Each chapter is packed with information, including illustrations and references. So does this book have any deficiency? In my opinion, it does. And the clue to what that is may be found in the very first paragraph in Chapter 1, in which it is conceded that, in terms of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry usage [1], the materials described in the book could be more correctly designated as mesoporous . Is this a problem in a community where the word nanoporous is often used to describe mesoporous materials? It need not be, but in this case this usage has generated some important omissions in the book. Specificallylittle if any of the literature on the optical properties, sensor applications, use in ultracapacitors, and catalytic properties of gold sponges designated as mesoporous [2] have been included in the book. I concede one might quibble whether some of these omissions were material or not, but in at least two instances they may be. First the chapter in the book on optical properties makes no reference to any of the several papers [e.g., 3-5] on this subject by GB Smith, who has worked for over a decade in this area. Secondly, some prominence in the chapter on catalysis is given to the discovery of the catalysis of CO oxidation by this material by two groups, in Europe and in the USA in 2006 and 2007, respectively. However, this discovery had already been presented at the Gold 2003 conference in Vancouver [6] and at the Asia Pacific Nanotechnology Forum in Cairns that year [7] and some international patents on this combination of catalyst and reaction were filed by investigators at South Africa's Mintek around that time too [8]. As pointed out in the present book, catalysis by a gold sponge would be scientifically interesting because it appears to violate the principle that gold requires the presence of an adjacent oxide too in order to be an effective catalyst. The puzzle was informally discussed between delegates several times at Gold 2003 and then again at Gold 2006. One possible resolution of the puzzle would be that the catalytic capability of these sponges is due to the interaction of the Au with some residual impurity (Al or Al2O3 in the case of gold catalysts made in an analogous fashion to Raney nickel, or Ag or Ag2O in the case of the gold made by dealloying Au-Ag solid solutions). Nevertheless, these omissions aside, this is a great book and well worth getting if you work in this field or intend to enter it. But do also search the scientific literature using the mesoporous keyword too or otherwise you will only be getting part of the story! -- M B Cortie Gold Bulletin (2012) 45:233 - 334

Author Information

Arne Wittstock is at the Universitat Bremen/Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Nanoscale Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, USA. He studied chemistry at the University of Bremen and completed his diploma thesis at Kruss GmbH in Hamburg. Afterwards, he undertook his doctoral studies in Marcus Bõumer's group at the Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry and received his PhD from the Department of Chemistry at Bremen University. Meanwhile he was also a visiting researcher at the Nanoscale Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Since 2010, Arne Wittstock has co-supervised the projects on nanoporous gold at the Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and he also joined the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory working on nanoscaled functional materials. His main research interests lie in the field of the physical chemistry of surfaces, nanostructured materials for energy-related applications, sensors, and catalysis. He has published several papers in Science, Nature Materials, Nano Letters and other key journals and also possesses patents. Juergen Biener is currently one of the leaders in the Nanoscale Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA and a Harvard affiliate. He studied chemistry at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitõt in Munich and completed his doctoral research in the field of surface science at the Max-Planck-Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP) in Garching. He received a fellowship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) to work with Bob Madix at Stanford University on metal oxide model catalysts. He then returned to the IPP to continue his research on plasma-wall interactions and in 2003 he accepted a visiting scientist position at the Center for Imaging and Mesoscale Structures at Harvard University where he started his work in the field of gold surface chemistry. Currently, his research interest lies at the intersection of surface chemistry, physics and mechanics of high-surface-area materials. He is the author of over 100 scientific publications, patent applications and book chapters. Jonah Erlebacher is at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA. Marcus Baumer is a Professor at the Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry at the University of Bremen where he leads a research group working on nanostructured surfaces and innovative catalytic materials. He graduated in chemistry and received his PhD at the Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany in 1994. In the following years, he carried out postdoctoral research at the Ruhr-University, Stanford University, USA and the Fritz-Haber-Institute, Berlin, Germany. In 2000, he received his habilitation in physical chemistry at the Technical University Berlin and became Professor at the University Bremen in 2002. His current research areas comprise nanoporous materials, colloidal nanoparticles and rare earth oxide materials and their use in heterogeneous catalysis and sensorics.

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