Overview

Dental resin composites remain the material of choice for direct restorations; however, their long-term clinical performance is limited by wear, mechanical degradation, and interfacial failure under functional loading. This book systematically investigates the role of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) as a bioactive reinforcing filler in experimental light-cured dental resin composites, with emphasis on mechanical optimisation and statistical validation. Silanised nHA fillers were incorporated into a Bis-GMA/UDMA/TEGDMA/Bis-EMA resin matrix at varying concentrations, and their influence on wear resistance, Vickers microhardness, flexural strength, compressive strength, and elastic modulus was evaluated according to relevant ISO standards.A structured Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was employed to optimise key processing parameters, including filler loading, curing time, and surface treatment, enabling efficient multivariable analysis with reduced experimental runs. Signal-to-noise ratio analysis and ANOVA identified filler loading as the dominant factor governing composite performance, contributing more than 60% to overall variability across mechanical responses.

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