Overview

Diabetes mellitus, often referred to simply as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is a complex, multifactorial condition that impacts various organs and systems. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to rise dramatically, it has become a significant public health issue affecting millions. The disease is not only associated with serious complications-such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and blindness-but also imposes emotional, financial, and societal burdens.The history of diabetes dates back to ancient times, with early mentions in Egyptian papyri and Hindu scriptures. The term ""diabetes"" was coined by the Greek physician Aretaeus in the 2nd century, and it was not until the 20th century that insulin was discovered and revolutionized diabetes treatment. Today, diabetes is a leading cause of death and disability. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), as of 2024, over 530 million people globally are affected, with projections indicating a rise to 640 million by 2030. India alone harbors more than 100 million diabetics.

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