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Full Product Details

Author:   Ferguson
Publisher:   Oxford University Press Inc
Imprint:   Oxford University Press Inc
Dimensions:   Width: 19.40cm , Height: 2.50cm , Length: 24.30cm
Weight:   0.887kg
ISBN:  

9780195068665

ISBN 10:   0195068661
Pages:   416
Publication Date:   06 January 2000
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Unknown
Availability:   Out of stock  

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 -- Introduction: What is Motivation Historical Considerations Understanding Motivation Helps to Explain Behavior: Will, Drive, Instinct, and Motivation: Motivation is an Intervening Variable: Motivation is Energizing and Directional: Variability and Stability: Summary Chapter 2 -- How Do We Study Motivation? Definitions: How Do You Define Motivation? Defining a Construct: Operational Definitions: The Relationship Between Motivation and Other Variables Motivation Leads to Action: How Do Rewards and Incentives Become Motivation?: Summary Chapter 3 -- Arousal: The Energizing and Intensity Aspect of Motivation The Construct of Arousal Defining and Measuring Arousal: The Reticular Activating System: Physiological Measurements: Arousal Has Many Aspects Situational Specificity and Response Sterotypy: State Versus Trait: Arousal Compared to Arousability: Tense Compared to Energetic Arousal: Arousal -- Performance Relationships Motor Activity and Arousal: Inverted-U Function and the Yerkes-Dodson Law : Summary Chapter 4 -- Biological Rhythms and Sleep Relationship of Biological Rhythms to Motivation Biological Rhythms Introduction: Biological Rhythms versus Biorhythms: Measuring Circadian Rhythms: Seasonal Rhythms: Nonphotic Factors which Influence the Circadian System: Control of Biological Rhythms The Mammalian Biological Clock: Multiple Oscillators within the Circadian System: Melatonin: Advantages of Biological Timekeeping Effects of Disrupting Biological Rhythms Seasonal Affective Disorder and Phototherapy: Jet Lag : Sleep Stages of Sleep: Why do we Sleep?: Relationship of Sleep to Circadian Rhythms: Effects of Aging on Biological Rhythms and Sleep Summary Chapter 5 -- Time of Day, Alertness, and Performance Variables of Importance in Addition to Time of Day Time Since Sleeping: Prior Activity: Stimulation and Goals: Are There Several Rhythms? Sleep Compared to Temperature Rhythms: Alertness-Sleepiness: Performance Varies with Alertness and Time of Day Performance and Alertness: Different Tasks Show Different Effects: Time of Day Affects Shift Work and Mood Shift Work: Mood Changes: Personality Characteristics and Morningness Versus Eveningness Morningness-Eveningness: Extraversion, Impulsiveness, and Morningness-Eveningness: Summary Chapter 6 -- Emotion and Mood: I. Problems of Definition and Measurement How Are Motivation and Emotion Different? Emotion and Motivation: Duration and Congruence: Situational Variables and Goals: Definitions and Classifications of Emotion Historical Considerations: Categories, Classification of Basic Emotions, and Face Muscle Movememt: Intensity and Arousal of Emotions: Emotion and Every-Day-Life Dimensions of Emotions: Person-Environment Relationships: How Can Emotions be Changed?: Emotion, Mood, and Affect Are Emotion, Mood, and Affect Different?: Pleasantness-Unpleasantness: Dimensions Are Different Than Categories: Emotion and Opponent Processes Opponent Process Theory: Test of the Opponent Process Theory: Summary Chapter 7 -- Emotion and Mood: II. Cognition and Information Processing Complexity of Emotion and Cognition Multiple Targets at a Given Moment: Developmental Factors and the Question of Blends Versus Pure Emotions: An Ecological Perspective: Long-Term Versus Short-Term Targets: Emotion and Mood Have A Reciprocal Relationship With Cognition What Kinds of Cognitions Relate to Emotion?: Bower's Studies of Emotion and Mood: Emotion and Information Processing Are Emotion and Cognition One or Two Separate Systems?: Emotion as a Node in an Associative Network: Emotional States Regulate Allocation of Capacity: State-Dependent Effects: Are There Additional Issues?: Approach and Withdrawal Emotion and Cerebral Asymmetry: Visual Recognition of Emotional Stimuli: Summary Chapter 8 -- Hunger and Thirst: Biological and Cultural Processes Biological Processes and the Regulation of Energy in Hunger Problems of Definition: Motivational States vs. Consummatory Responses: Consummatory, Appetite, and Instrumental Responses: Consummatory Responses and Subjective Descriptions: Concepts and Terms: Primary vs. Secondary: Homeostasis, Negative Feedback, and Feedforward Regulation: Short-Term vs Long-Term Regulation: Hunger and Satiety, Onset and Cessation of Eating: The Role of the Central Nervous System: The Role of the Lateral Hypothalamus: The Role of the Ventromedial Hypothalamus: The Role of Caudal Brainstem: Hunger and Satiety, Onset and Cessation of Eating: The Role of Peripheral Sites: The Autonomic Nervous System: Cholecystokinin (CCK): The Role of Glucose, Insulin, and Lipids in Onset and Offset of Eating: Glucose: Insulin: Lipids: Biological Processes in Thirst and Fluid Level Regulation Different Kinds of Thirst and Definitions: Osmoreceptors, Vasopressin, and the Lateral Hypothalamus: Salt Appetite: Drinking, Drinking Offset, and Non-Primary Factors: The Role of Culture and Learning in Hunger and Eating Taste and Appetite: Culture: Learned Aversions: Appetite and Appetizing: Weight Maintenance and Eating Disorders: Cues, Obesity, and Eating Restraint: Anorexia, Bulimia, and Obesity: Disorders and Disease: Is There an Ideal Figure and an Ideal Weight?: Effects of Hunger, Thirst, and Glucose on Responding and Information Processing The Directional Effects of Hunger and Thirst: Sensitivity to Cues: The Interactive Effects of Hunger and Food: Information Processing and Learning in Nonhuman Animals: Human Information Processing: Effects of Sweets and Hunger on Measures of Memory: Sugar Can Enhance Memory Performance: Event-Related Brain Potentials and Memory Performance: Summary Chapter 9 -- Rewards, Incentives, and Goals: Addictive Processes, Extrinsic Incentives, and Intrinsic Motivation General Theoretical Issues In What Ways Has the Effect of Reward Been Studied?: Instrumental and Operant Conditioning: A Brief Historical Overview: Praise as a Verbal Reinforcer: Reward Variables That Affect Learning and Performance: Unlearned and Conditioned Rewards and Motivations: Delay and Magnitude of Reward: Brain Stimulation, Reward Systems, and Drug Abuse Reward Systems: Addiction and Substance Abuse: Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Incentives, and Achievement Motivation Incentive and Incentive Motivation: Intrinsic Motivation and External Rewards: Does Intrinsic Motivation Decrease with Extrinsic Rewards?: Additional Perspectives: Incentives, Success and Failure, and the Achievement Motive: Achievement Motivation Theory: McClelland and Atkinson: Expectancy-Value Theory and Success and Failure: Summary Chapter 10 -- Goals and Success-Failure Beliefs Goals, Level of Aspiration, and Level of Expectation The Work of Kurt Lewin and Colleagues: Other Research on Level of Aspiration and Level of Expectation: Individual Differences in Goal Setting Goal Setting and the Achievement Motive: Dweck: Performance Goals Versus Learning Goals: Other Goal-Expectancy Approaches: Beliefs Regarding Success (Versus Failure) and Reinforcement Belief About Success and Failure on Tasks and Self-Efficacy: Locus of Control of Reinforcement: Goals and Performance Attainment Locke and Goal Setting Theory: Research by Others on Goal Setting and Goal Striving: Summary Chapter 11 -- Aggression and Anger: Attribution Mastery Power, Competition Attribution and Achievement Weine and Attribution Theory: Other Research Approaches: Anger Anger in Everyday Life: Measurement of Anger: Hostility, Anger, and Type A Personality Hostility: Type A Personality and Coronary Heart Disease: Summary Chapter 12 -- Aggression, Power, and Mastery What is Meant By Aggression? The Motivational Aspects of Aggression: The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis: Aggression in Animals Is There an Aggression Drive?: Conspecific Aggression: Situational Variables: Interspecies Aggressive Behavior: Brain Areas and Hormones Brain Areas: Hormones: Self-Interest vs. Collective Interest: Competition and Human Aggression Self-Interest Versus Collective Interest: Sports and Games: Culture: Human Aggression: Power, Arousal, and Learning Power: Arousal and Learning: Machiavellianism, Mastery, and Assertiveness Machiavellianism: Mastery: Assertiveness: Summary Chapter 13 -- Fear and Anxiety General Considerations Early Experimental Work Escape and Avoidance Conditioning Studies of Fear and Anxiety: Punishment, Fear, and Anxiety: Learned Helplessness and Flooding: Contemporary Research in Fear Learning Psychobiological Findings: Human Conditioning Studies: Social Variables Involved in Fear Learning: Anxiety, Individual Differences, Cognition, and Coping State and Trait Anxiety: Cognition and Coping: Summary Chapter 14 -- Sex, Gender, and Love Hormonal Effects, Sexual Dimorphism, and Sexual Motivation Gonadal Steroid Hormones: Social Animals: Prairie Voles and Spotted Hyenas: Human Studies: Gender The Importance of Gender: Gender Identity, Gender Schema, and Gender Differences: Love Parent-Child Love: Peer Relationships and Friendship: Romantic Love and Adult Love Relationships: Summary

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