Overview

Modern Database Internals: Master B-Trees, LSM Trees, MVCC, and Distributed SQL to Optimize Performance and Scalability Why do some databases handle billions of transactions with ease while others collapse under load? The difference isn't just configuration, it's internal architecture. Modern Database Internals takes you beneath the surface of today's most powerful data engines to reveal how real systems store, organize, and retrieve data at scale. Through a hands-on exploration of B-Trees, LSM-Trees, MVCC, and distributed SQL design, this book shows you how every decision, from page layout to compaction scheduling, shapes performance, consistency, and reliability. Each chapter builds practical intuition through step-by-step examples and working code, giving you the tools to analyze, tune, and even design storage engines with confidence. You'll learn to think like a database engineer, tracing requests from query to disk and understanding how latency, write amplification, and concurrency emerge from the mechanics of data movement. Whether you're a DBA fine-tuning systems, a backend developer designing APIs, or a researcher building new engines, you'll gain a deep technical foundation that translates across all platforms and vendors. What you'll master inside: How B-Trees and LSM-Trees manage inserts, splits, compactions, and caching for sustained throughput. The real behavior of MVCC, isolation levels, and vacuuming under concurrent workloads. Techniques for diagnosing tail-latency spikes, I/O stalls, and compaction backpressure. Internal structures behind query execution, distributed consensus, and replication. Benchmarking and tuning strategies that reveal the direct impact of each configuration. Through Go and Rust mini-engines, you'll observe live behavior, page fragmentation, write amplification, checkpoint recovery, and more, while learning proven techniques used in PostgreSQL, RocksDB, TiDB, and other production systems. Modern Database Internals transforms complex theory into actionable knowledge for the engineers who keep the world's data flowing. If you build, operate, or optimize databases, this book is your blueprint for mastering the core mechanics that determine real performance. Take control of how data truly moves, read Modern Database Internals and start engineering systems that scale predictably, recover instantly, and deliver consistently low-latency performance under any load.

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